Gate Driver Resistor Switching for Independent Turn-On and Turn-Off

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing gate drivers for power semiconductor components, such as IGBTs, lack efficient control over turn-on and turn-off processes, unable to independently manage turn-on and turn-off speeds and current levels, leading to inefficiencies and adverse effects like temperature changes and electromagnetic interferences.

Innovation Solution

A gate driver circuit with multiple resistors and switches connected to auxiliary voltages, allowing for precise control of gate voltages and currents, enabling separate control of turn-on and turn-off processes, and minimizing power losses by using small, low-power components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If a simple gate driver with fixed gate resistors is used, then the device complexity is low, but the control precision over turn-on and turn-off processes is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gate driver circuit is segmented into multiple independent resistor branches, each with different resistance values. These branches are selectively connected to the gate through switches, allowing independent control of charging and discharging paths. This segmentation enables precise control of turn-on and turn-off processes without requiring a completely complex circuit architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The gate driver employs dynamically switchable resistor connections where the resistance value presented to the gate can be changed during operation. By controlling the switches, different resistor combinations are connected or disconnected, allowing the gate driver to adapt its characteristics for different switching phases (turn-on vs. turn-off) and different operating conditions, achieving high control precision with manageable complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Productivity

If separate control of turn-on and turn-off speeds is implemented, then the productivity is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching control efficiencyVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The circuit is divided into separate control paths for turn-on and turn-off operations. Each path has its own dedicated resistor branches that can be independently controlled. This segmentation allows the turn-on speed and turn-off speed to be controlled separately through different resistor combinations, improving switching control efficiency while keeping each control path relatively simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The same set of switches and resistor branches serves multiple functions: they control both turn-on and turn-off processes, and can be configured for different switching speeds as needed. This multi-functionality allows separate control of turn-on and turn-off without requiring completely separate dedicated circuits for each function, thereby improving productivity without proportionally increasing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple gate resistors are used for independent turn-on and turn-off control, then the adaptability is improved, but the loss of energy increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol versatilityVSAvoidpower loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of keeping all resistor branches permanently connected and active, the circuit selectively activates only the necessary resistor branches for each switching operation. The switches control which resistor combinations are connected to the gate, ensuring that energy is dissipated only when and where needed for actual switching transitions, rather than continuously. This partial action approach maintains high adaptability while minimizing unnecessary energy losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables precise control of power semiconductor components, reducing temperature variations and electromagnetic interferences, and improving device performance by optimizing switching speed and gate voltage, allowing for simpler parallel operation of semiconductor components.

Implementation Method 1

a first part of the plurality of series connections is connected between a positive auxiliary voltage rail and a control input of an output stage of the driver circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3179632B1Driver circuit
Publication Date: 2022.11.02 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3179632B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3179632B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3179632B1 patent drawingFigure 5~7

AI summary

A gate driver circuit and a method of operating a gate driver circuit. The gate driver circuit comprising a high auxiliary voltage rail 1 and a low auxiliary voltage rail 2 for receiving high auxiliary voltage and low auxiliary voltage, output stage connected to the auxiliary voltage rails and comprising a control input 3 and an output terminal for providing an output voltage of the gate driver, plurality of series connections of controllable switches S1-S8 and resistive components R1-R8, wherein a first part of the plurality of series connections is connected between the high auxiliary voltage rail and control input of the output stage, and a second part of the plurality of series connections is connected between the low auxiliary voltage rail and control input of the output stage, and a control circuit for controlling the controllable switches for providing a control voltage and a control current to the control input of the output stage.