Glucose Sensor Dynamic Potential Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing glucose monitoring devices face challenges in accurately measuring high analyte concentrations due to saturation and interference from interferent species, which degrades precision and damages electrodes.
Innovation Solution
A device with a working electrode and pseudo-reference electrode, using Prussian blue as a mediator, applies varying electrical potentials to switch between different electron transfer pathways based on analyte concentration, minimizing interference and avoiding electrode damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a platinum electrode is used to oxidize hydrogen peroxide at high potential (>400-650 mV), then the oxidation current can be measured, but interferent species (ascorbate, urate) oxidize and induce noise, and the electrode is damaged
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by switching between different measurement potentials based on analyte concentration. At low glucose concentrations, a first potential is applied to measure oxidation current. At high glucose concentrations, a second potential is applied to measure reduction current, avoiding saturation and interferent oxidation. This dynamic potential adjustment resolves the contradiction between measurement precision and harmful interference.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics by making the electrode potential variable rather than fixed. The control unit dynamically adjusts the potential between the working electrode and reference electrode based on real-time glucose concentration measurements. This dynamic approach allows the system to adapt to changing conditions and avoid the limitations of static potential measurement.
2Measurement precision
If a redox mediator is used to avoid oxygen contribution, then measurement precision improves, but the redox current saturates at high analyte concentrations (>11 mM)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses parameter changes by switching between oxidation and reduction measurement modes based on glucose concentration. At low concentrations, oxidation current is measured; at high concentrations, reduction current is measured. This prevents saturation and extends the linear measurement range beyond the limitations of single-mode redox mediator systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics by making the measurement mode variable. The system dynamically switches between measuring oxidation current (using hydrogen peroxide oxidation) and reduction current (using oxygen reduction) based on real-time glucose levels. This dynamic switching prevents saturation and maintains measurement precision across a wide concentration range.
3Measurement precision
If high potential is applied to oxidize hydrogen peroxide, then oxidation current can be measured, but electrode damage occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by selecting appropriate measurement potentials based on glucose concentration. When glucose concentration is high and oxidation current measurement would require high potential, the system switches to reduction current measurement at lower potential. This prevents excessive potential application that would cause electrode damage, while maintaining measurement capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for precise measurement of glucose concentrations across a wide range, avoiding saturation and reducing noise from interferent species, while maintaining electrode integrity.
Implementation Method 1
When glucose is present in the fluid to be measured, GOx oxides the glucose while reducing O2
Implementation Method 2
GOx oxides the glucose while reducing O2
Implementation Method 3
a mediator being fixed on said part of the working electrode
Implementation Method 4
measuring a first electrical current I1 between the working electrode and the pseudo-reference electrode while applying a first potential V1 between the working electrode and the pseudo-reference electrode
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a method of a method of measuring a human body analyte concentration in an interstitial fluid, comprising the step of measuring a first electrical current h between a working electrode and a pseudo-reference electrode while applying a first potential between the working electrode and the pseudo-reference electrode, the first potential being less than a threshold potential, the magnitude of the first electrical current being greater than the magnitude of a predetermined first threshold current, and further measuring an output electrical current between the working electrode and the pseudo-reference electrode while applying a second electrical potential, the second electrical potential being greater than the first electrical potential.