Graphene Non-Reciprocal RF Microelectronic Components

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radiofrequency and microwave components lack non-reciprocity, leading to signal reflection issues, and current solutions like ferrite-based circulators are bulky and expensive, while micro-switch based solutions require specific component manufacturing.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating one or more layers of graphene into passive microelectronic components to exploit electromagnetic polarization properties, determining a preferential direction for signal transmission and attenuation, thereby achieving non-reciprocity without increasing component size or manufacturing cost.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If ferrite and permanent magnet structure is used to create non-reciprocal circulator, then non-reciprocity is achieved, but the component becomes bulky and expensive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenon-reciprocityVSAvoidcomponent size
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical parameters of the transmission line by introducing a chiral structure characterized by pitch and helix angle, which fundamentally alters the electromagnetic wave propagation properties to achieve non-reciprocity without bulky ferrite materials

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite structure combining conductive elements arranged in helical patterns with dielectric materials, forming a chiral transmission line that exhibits non-reciprocal transmission properties while maintaining compact dimensions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If ferrite and permanent magnet structure is used to create non-reciprocal circulator, then non-reciprocity is achieved, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenon-reciprocityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive ferrite and permanent magnet materials with inexpensive conductive materials (such as copper or aluminum) arranged in chiral geometric patterns, dramatically reducing material costs while achieving the same non-reciprocal function

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

By changing from material-based non-reciprocity (ferrite) to geometry-based non-reciprocity (chiral structure), the invention enables standard manufacturing techniques to be used instead of specialized ferrite processing, reducing manufacturing complexity and cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Volume of moving object

If micro-switches are used to create non-reciprocal component, then size is reduced, but specific component manufacturing is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent sizeVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The chiral transmission line structure can be integrated into existing microelectronic fabrication processes using standard deposited conductive and dielectric layers, making it compatible with conventional CMOS manufacturing rather than requiring specialized micro-switch fabrication

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention merges the non-reciprocal function directly into the transmission line structure itself, eliminating the need for separate micro-switch components and their associated complex manufacturing processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The graphene-based approach effectively creates non-reciprocal passive microelectronic components that transmit signals in a preferred direction with minimal loss, reducing signal reflection and maintaining a small footprint, thus addressing the need for cost-effective and compact non-reciprocal components.

Implementation Method 1

a single layer of graphene exhibits good electrical conduction and a property of polarization of an electromagnetic field through the layer, the angle of rotation associated with the polarization being dependent on an electric potential applied to the graphene layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic polarization: Polarisation

Data Source

PatentEP2875549B1Passive microelectronic components, capable of allowing a radio-frequency or hyper-frequency signal to travel in a single direction
Publication Date: 2020.05.06 THALES SA
  • EP2875549B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2875549B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6
  • EP2875549B1 patent drawingFigure 7~8

AI summary

The invention concerns passive radio-frequency microelectronic components for integrated circuits, comprising a dielectric substrate (S) and at least one metal conductive layer disposed on said substrate, said conductive layer comprising at least a first metal conductive part (C1) and a second metal conductive part (C2) separated by insulation (I). A microelectronic component according to the invention comprises at least one graphene layer (G) disposed so that a radio-frequency or hyper-frequency signal passes through said at least one graphene layer (G) when it is transmitted between said first metal conductive part and said second metal conductive part, said graphene layer (G) being capable, when it is subjected to an electrical potential, of transmitting said radio-frequency or hyper-frequency signal in a first direction, and of attenuating said radio-frequency or hyper-frequency signal in a second direction opposite said first direction. The invention applies in particular to transmission-line, capacitor and microswitch microelectronic components.