Heat Pipe Cooling for Radiation Detector Probe

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Solution Overview

Problem

Nucleonic instruments, such as density profilers, face challenges operating in high environmental temperatures due to component degradation and sensitivity issues, particularly affecting Geiger-Müller tubes.

Innovation Solution

A nucleonic instrument with a detector probe cooled by a heat pipe, where detectors are mounted in direct thermal contact with the heat pipe, and the electronic apparatus is housed in an enclosure with thermal insulation to maintain optimal operating temperatures, ensuring reliable operation in extreme conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If nucleonic instruments operate in high environmental temperatures, then the measurement capability is maintained, but the component lifetime is shortened and reliability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating temperature rangeVSAvoidcomponent lifetime
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The instrument is divided into two thermal zones: a cooled zone for temperature-sensitive components (Geiger-Müller tubes, electronics) and a hot zone for the radiation source. This segmentation allows different parts to operate at optimal temperatures independently, enabling the instrument to function in high environmental temperatures while protecting sensitive components from thermal damage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A heat pipe is introduced as a thermal intermediary between the radiation source and the sensitive detectors. The heat pipe conducts heat away from the detectors and electronics, acting as a thermal management interface that enables operation in high-temperature environments while maintaining component temperatures within safe operating ranges

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If active cooling systems are used to maintain detector temperature, then reliability is improved, but device complexity and power requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetector temperature controlVSAvoidcooling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat pipe cooling system is passive and self-regulating, requiring no external power supply or control mechanisms. It automatically transfers heat from the detectors to the surrounding environment based on temperature gradients, eliminating the need for motors, pumps, or electronic controls while maintaining reliable temperature management

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The passive heat pipe system replaces active mechanical cooling systems (such as motors-driven fans or compressor-based refrigeration). By using phase-change heat transfer mechanisms inherent to heat pipes, the system achieves effective cooling without moving parts, reducing mechanical complexity and improving reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The heat pipe cooling system extends the operational lifespan of nucleonic instruments in high-temperature environments by efficiently dissipating heat without the need for power or moving parts, maintaining detector accuracy and reducing maintenance requirements.

Implementation Method 1

said detector probe is provided with at least one heat pipe for cooling the detector probe

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat pipe: Heat Pipe

Implementation Method 2

a heat pipe can transport heat from a first, lower end to its second, upper end by evaporation of the liquid at the lowest part of the tube and condensation of the liquid vapour at a higher, cooler part of the tube

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 3

a heat pipe can transport heat from a first, lower end to its second, upper end by evaporation of the liquid at the lowest part of the tube and condensation of the liquid vapour at a higher, cooler part of the tube

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Data Source

PatentEP2893307B1Radiation detector
Publication Date: 2020.02.12 JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC
  • EP2893307B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2893307B1 patent drawingFigure 4~4B
  • EP2893307B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A detector probe, for detecting ionising radiation and which is suitable for use in a nucleonic instrument usable in locations having a high ambient temperature, comprises an array of radiation detectors mounted on a support and a heat pipe for cooling the detector probe. The invention further comprises a nucleonic instrument incorporating such a detector probe.