Hemostatic Sheet Materials Using Polyphosphate-Embedded Polymer Matrix
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing hemostatic agents, such as dehydrated zeolites and clay minerals, are ineffective in managing bleeding wounds, especially in cases of profuse bleeding or when blood clotting is impaired by anticoagulants, due to issues like tissue damage and embolism formation.
Innovation Solution
Development of flexible sheet materials embedded with finely divided crystalline, water-insoluble inorganic polyphosphates within a polymer matrix, allowing for easier application and improved hemostatic efficacy compared to traditional powders.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If dehydrated zeolites or clay minerals are used as hemostatic agents, then blood clotting is triggered through water absorption, but severe tissue damage and embolism formation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter from dehydrated zeolites or clay minerals to calcium sulfate hemihydrate, which triggers hemostasis through a different mechanism (calcium ion release and contact activation of coagulation cascade) rather than water absorption, thereby eliminating tissue damage while maintaining hemostatic effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and removes the harmful water absorption mechanism from the hemostatic agent design, replacing it with a benign calcium sulfate-based mechanism that achieves hemostasis without causing tissue damage or embolism formation
2Reliability
If particulate substances like powders are applied to heavily bleeding wounds, then hemostatic effect is achieved, but the substance is quickly washed away and loses effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite material by embedding calcium sulfate hemihydrate particles within a collagen matrix, combining the hemostatic properties of calcium sulfate with the structural integrity and adhesion of collagen, resulting in a formulation that remains effective even in profuse bleeding conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The collagen matrix forms a flexible gel structure that can conform to wound surfaces and remains in place during bleeding, preventing the hemostatic agent from being washed away while allowing easy application to various wound types
3Reliability
If particulate substances are applied to lightly bleeding wounds, then hemostatic effect is achieved, but the substance penetrates the bloodstream and causes undesirable effects
Solution Approach 1:
The collagen matrix acts as a containment structure that localizes the calcium sulfate hemihydrate particles at the wound site, preventing their entry into the bloodstream and subsequent formation of thrombotic clots while maintaining hemostatic effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The collagen matrix serves as an intermediary barrier between the hemostatic agent and the bloodstream, allowing controlled interaction with blood at the wound surface while blocking penetration into the circulation system
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The sheet materials effectively control bleeding in both light and heavy wounds, including those affected by anticoagulant use, while minimizing the risk of tissue damage and embolism, and are easy to manufacture and use.
Implementation Method 1
The hemostatic effect of these polyphosphates is thought to be based on contact activation of the coagulation cascade, this being presumably mediated by factor XII, which in turn triggers thrombin formation and thus the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen via the intrinsic pathway
Implementation Method 2
dehydrated zeolite triggers blood clotting by absorbing water from the escaping blood, with the heat released in this process promoting wound closure
Implementation Method 3
dehydrated zeolite triggers blood clotting by absorbing water from the escaping blood, with the heat released in this process promoting wound closure
Implementation Method 4
blood clotting is triggered by the absorption of water from the escaping blood
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to products in the form of pads or films for treating bleeding wounds, said products being formed from an organic polymer material that contains at least one particulate, crystalline inorganic polyphosphate finely divided in the organic polymer material, and the polyphosphate having a solubility in deionized water at 20° C. of less than 5 g/L, particularly less than 1 g/L, and the anion of the polyphosphate on average (number average) having at least four phosphorus atoms per polyphosphate anion.