Hot-Swappable I/O Module Carriers for Daisy-Chain Continuity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing flexible expandable automation systems face issues with daisy chain interruption when an I/O unit is unplugged, and require system reset or power down for I/O unit exchanges, which is time-consuming and laborious.

Innovation Solution

The automation device incorporates an I/O-module carrier with a hot-swap control unit that automatically bridges the interrupted daisy chain upon unplugging an I/O unit, allowing for hot-swappable I/O units without system reset or power down.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If an I/O unit is unplugged from the daisy chain, then the daisy chain is interrupted and communication fails, but if a hot-swap control unit is added to automatically bridge the chain, then device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecommunication continuityVSAvoidcontrol unit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The hot-swap control unit acts as an intermediary device that automatically detects when an I/O module is unplugged and bridges the daisy chain connection to maintain communication continuity. This mediator handles the complexity of chain interruption recovery, allowing standard I/O modules to be exchanged without system reset while preserving reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The hot-swap control unit implements self-service by automatically detecting module removal, closing the daisy chain, and restoring communication without requiring manual intervention or system reset. This self-managing capability maintains reliability while reducing operational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Loss of time

If system reset or power down is required for I/O unit exchange, then exchange procedure becomes time-consuming and laborious, but if hot-swap functionality is implemented, then control unit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveI/O unit exchange timeVSAvoidhot-swap control mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The hot-swap control unit performs preliminary actions by pre-configuring the daisy chain bridging capability and automatically detecting module removal before exchange completion. This allows I/O units to be exchanged without system reset or power down, significantly reducing exchange time while the control unit manages the complexity of maintaining communication during the swap.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of operation

If the daisy chain is manually reconfigured after I/O unit removal, then operational continuity is maintained, but ease of operation decreases due to manual intervention requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveI/O unit exchange easeVSAvoidautomatic chain closure
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The hot-swap control unit provides self-service by automatically detecting when an I/O module is unplugged and actively closing the daisy chain connection. This eliminates the need for manual reconfiguration while maintaining reliability, making I/O unit exchange simple and straightforward without requiring operator intervention for chain management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3521954B1A flexible expandable automation device with hot-swappable i/o-units
Publication Date: 2025.05.21 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3521954B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3521954B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The invention is about a flexible expandable automation device (1), having a main control unit (2), having further at least two I/O-units (3, 4), said I/O-units (3, 4) being connected to the main control unit (2) and to each other via an I/O-bus (6), said I/O-bus (6) working according to the daisy-chain technique, wherein the I/O-bus (6) has a bus signal line (7) and a daisy-chain-control-line (8), wherein each I/O-unit (3, 4) has a daisy-chain-control-IN-port (21) which is configured to receive a daisy-chain-control-signal as daisy-chain-control-IN-signal (24) and a daisy-chain-control-OUT port (23) which is configured to deliver the daisy-chain-control-signal as daisy-chain-control-OUT-signal (25) to the next adjacent I/O-unit. Each I/O-unit (3, 4) has an I/O-module carrier (9) and a pluggable and unpluggable I/O-module (10), wherein the daisy-chain-control-IN-port (21) and the daisy-chain-control-OUT-port (23) are part of the I/O-module carrier (9), and each I/O-module-carrier (9) has a hot-swap-control unit (19), said hot-swap control unit (19) being configured, in case of an unplugged I/O-module (10), to automatically bridge the interrupted daisy chain.