Humanoid Robot Differential Linear Actuation Within the Human Envelope

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Solution Overview

Problem

Humanoid robots face a tradeoff between shape and performance due to limited space for actuators within the human envelope, with larger actuators providing better performance but requiring a larger volume.

Innovation Solution

The use of joint linear actuators configured for differential linear actuation in two degrees of freedom, including quasi-direct drive (QDD) linear actuators with low gear ratios, to adjust body joints, allowing for a more human-like shape and improved performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If larger actuators are used to improve robot performance, then the robot's performance is improved, but the robot cannot fit within the human envelope

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverobot performanceVSAvoidactuator volume
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines two linear actuators into a single integrated unit that provides both flexion-extension and abduction-adduction movements. This merging allows the robot to achieve the performance of two separate actuators while occupying the volume of one, resolving the contradiction between performance and size constraints within the human envelope.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The joint linear actuator is designed to perform multiple functions simultaneously - it can produce both flexion-extension and abduction-adduction movements at the shoulder joint. This multi-functionality allows the robot to maintain high performance across multiple degrees of freedom while using fewer, more compact actuator units that fit within the human envelope volume constraints.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If more actuators are added to increase degrees of freedom, then the robot's mobility is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedegrees of freedomVSAvoidactuator system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple actuator functions into a single joint linear actuator unit. Instead of using separate actuators for flexion-extension and abduction-adduction, the invention integrates both functions into one actuator, thereby reducing the total number of actuators and simplifying the overall system while maintaining full degrees of freedom mobility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The joint linear actuator is designed as a universal component that can provide multiple degrees of freedom through differential linear actuation. This multi-functional design reduces device complexity by eliminating the need for multiple specialized actuators, while still achieving the desired mobility and adaptability across different joint movements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4640379A1Humanoid robot
Publication Date: 2025.10.29 APPTRONIK INC
  • EP4640379A1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4640379A1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4640379A1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

A robot includes a body assembly that includes a frame formed of at least one body joint assembly; and at least one pair of joint linear actuators that form the at least one body joint, the at least one pair of joint linear actuators configured to operate in combination to adjust the at least one body joint assembly in two degrees of freedom through differential linear actuation.