Hydrocracking Mineralized Refuse Pyrolysis Oil

The patent changes the separation parameters by using a fluidized bed pyrolysis process that operates at controlled temperatures (200-400°C) and uses fluidizing gas to create a fluidized state. This transforms the solid waste into a fluidized mixture, enabling effective separation based on density and size differences that cannot be achieved with traditional mechanical screening methods. The parameter change from solid-state mechanical screening to fluidized-state thermal processing resolves the contradiction between process simplicity and separation effectiveness.

The patent replaces traditional mechanical separation systems (wind screening, vibrating screening, drum screening) with a fluidized bed pyrolysis system that uses thermal energy and fluid dynamics. Instead of relying on mechanical forces to separate waste components, the system uses heat to decompose organic matter and fluidizing gas to create separation conditions based on density and size, thereby substituting mechanical separation with thermo-fluid dynamic separation.

The patent segments the hydrogenation process into two distinct stages: a fluidized bed reactor stage for initial hydrogenation and a fixed bed reactor stage for final hydrogenation and hydrocracking. The fluidized bed stage operates at higher temperatures (300-400°C) for rapid hydrogenation, while the fixed bed stage operates at lower temperatures (200-300°C) for complete hydrogenation and hydrocracking. This segmentation allows each stage to operate under optimized conditions, ensuring reliable hydrogenation while improving energy utilization through staged thermal processing.

The patent introduces dynamic operation by using a fluidized bed reactor for the first stage, where the fluidizing gas creates a dynamic fluidized state that enhances heat and mass transfer. This dynamic fluidized state allows for more uniform hydrogenation conditions and better control of the hydrogenation process, whereas the subsequent fixed bed stage provides stable, controlled conditions for final processing. The dynamic-to-static transition resolves the contradiction between process simplicity and condition reliability.

The patent implements continuous energy utilization by coupling the fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor with a heat recovery system that captures heat from the exothermic oxidation of hydrogenated oil. This heat is then used to preheat the feedstock or generate steam, creating a continuous energy cycle. The continuous action of hydrogenation followed by hydrocracking, with integrated heat recovery, maximizes energy utilization while maintaining high productivity in recyclable component recovery.

The patent recovers and reuses energy that would otherwise be lost. The exothermic heat from hydrogenation and the thermal energy from pyrolysis are recovered through heat exchangers and used to drive the processing system. Catalysts are recovered from the fixed bed reactor and reused in the fluidized bed reactor. This systematic recovery and reuse of energy and materials resolves the contradiction between high productivity and energy loss, transforming a energy-intensive process into an energy-efficient system.