IGBT ESD Protection Structure With Low Capacitance and No Snapback

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing data transmission systems face challenges with electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection due to high trigger voltages and capacitance issues, which can lead to component damage during ESD events, and current solutions like semiconductor controlled rectifiers (SCRs) have limitations in reducing trigger voltage and capacitance effectively.

Innovation Solution

An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device with a specific doping structure and antiparallel diode configuration is proposed, which includes regions doped with different types of charge carriers, a gate structure, and diode structures to function as a stand-alone ESD protection device or trigger, reducing capacitance and avoiding voltage snapback, allowing for higher current density and low ohmic contact.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a MOSFET is used for ESD protection, then the device structure is simple, but the capacitance is very high due to its size and gate oxide

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice structureVSAvoidcapacitance
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The device is segmented into a MOSFET structure and an integrated bipolar transistor structure, allowing the MOSFET to provide simple device control while the bipolar structure provides low capacitance for ESD protection, thus resolving the contradiction between structural simplicity and low capacitance requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If the Gate terminal is connected to one of the terminals in a two-pin ESD protection device, then the device can function as ESD protection, but the capacitance increases further due to the thin gate oxide

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveESD protection functionVSAvoidcapacitance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The gate terminal is extracted from the traditional two-pin configuration and integrated into the bipolar transistor structure as a control element rather than a separate terminal, allowing the ESD protection function to be maintained while eliminating the parasitic capacitance associated with a separate gate terminal connection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Quantity of substance

If open base transistors are used to reduce capacitance, then the capacitance can be tuned to low values, but the device exhibits snapback which may not be desirable

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovecapacitanceVSAvoidvoltage stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The MOSFET acts as an intermediary between the control signal and the bipolar transistor, providing stable voltage control through its threshold voltage characteristic while the bipolar transistor provides low capacitance, thus eliminating the unwanted snapback effect while maintaining low capacitance and voltage stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The IGBT device achieves low trigger voltage, reduced capacitance, and higher current density, effectively protecting against ESD events while minimizing parasitic capacitance, thus enhancing the reliability of data transmission systems.

Implementation Method 1

The low capacitance of the pair of antiparallel diode devices hides the high capacitance of the gate oxide of the gate structure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

a first region doped with a first type of charge carriers; a second region doped with a second type of charge carriers different from the first type of charge carriers; a third region doped with the first type of charge carriers; a fourth region doped with the second type of charge carriers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCharge carrier conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP4407683A1An insulated-gate bipolar transistor device as well as a data transmission system implementing such insulated-gate bipolar transistor device
Publication Date: 2024.07.31 NEXPERIA BV
  • EP4407683A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4407683A1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP4407683A1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

An insulated-gate bipolar transistor device comprising: a first region doped with a first type of charge carriers; a second region doped with a second type of charge carriers different from the first type of charge carriers; a third region doped with the first type of charge carriers; a fourth region doped with the second type of charge carriers; a first, emitter terminal electrically connected with the first region and a second, collector terminal electrically connected with the third region and the fourth region; and a gate structure disposed on the third region with one end adjacent to the second region and with another end adjacent the fourth region; as well as a diode structure having a first diode structure terminal electrically connected with the collector terminal and a second diode structure terminal electrically connected with the gate terminal of the gate structure, wherein the diode structure is a paired antiparallel diode structure with a total capacitance no greater than 200 femto-Farads.