IgG Extraction via Protein A Ligand Solid Support
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for extracting immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, from whole blood are inefficient, as they typically only manage to extract less than 50% of the available IgG, limiting the availability of this crucial therapeutic component for medical treatments.
Innovation Solution
The development of an apheresis system that utilizes a solid support covalently bonded to a ligand, such as protein A or protein G, which specifically binds to IgG, allowing for the non-covalent binding and subsequent elution of IgG from whole blood, thereby extracting at least 55% of the IgG present in the blood.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional extraction methods are used, then the process is simple, but the extraction efficiency of IgG is low (less than 50%)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a solid support with covalently bonded ligands (Protein A or Protein G) as an intermediary substance. These ligands specifically bind to IgG molecules, enabling selective extraction from whole blood. The solid support acts as a mediator between the blood sample and the extraction process, achieving high extraction efficiency (at least 55% of total IgG) while maintaining a manageable system complexity through its modular design that can be integrated into existing apheresis systems.
2Productivity
If a solid support with covalently bonded ligand is used, then the extraction efficiency of IgG increases (at least 55%), but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The solid support with covalently bonded ligands is designed to perform multiple functions: it serves as both the extraction medium and the separation mechanism. The same solid support can be used for extracting different immunoglobulin types by changing the ligand specificity. This multi-functionality reduces the need for multiple specialized components, thereby managing device complexity while maintaining high extraction efficiency across different应用场景.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes changes in binding parameters (affinity between ligand and IgG) and elution conditions (pH, ionic strength) to achieve selective extraction and release of IgG. By adjusting these parameters, the system can efficiently extract at least 55% of IgG from whole blood and then elute it in a purified form, optimizing extraction efficiency without requiring complex additional equipment.
3Quantity of substance
If conventional extraction methods are used, then the equipment is simple, but the amount of IgG extracted is insufficient for therapeutic use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent specifically targets and extracts IgG molecules from whole blood using the solid support with covalently bonded ligands. This selective extraction process removes at least 55% of the total IgG present in the blood sample, providing sufficient quantity for therapeutic applications. The extracted IgG can then be further purified and formulated for clinical use, directly addressing the insufficient quantity problem of conventional methods.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method enables the extraction of significantly higher percentages of IgG, up to 99%, which can be further purified and used as a therapeutic agent, enhancing the efficacy of immunoglobulin therapy by providing a more abundant and purified source of IgG.
Implementation Method 1
a ligand, such as protein A or protein G, which specifically binds to IgG, allowing for the non-covalent binding and subsequent elution of IgG from whole blood
Implementation Method 2
contacting the solid support with an elution solution under condition whereby the non-covalently bound IgG is released from the ligand and into the elution solution
Data Source
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AI summary
In some embodiments, the invention provides a method for extracting at least 55% of immunoglobulin such as IgG present in a biological fluid from the biological fluid, comprising contacting a biological fluid suspected of containing immunoglobulin with a solid support covalently bonded to a ligand that specifically binds to immunoglobulin under conditions sufficient for non-covalent binding of immunoglobulin to the ligand; and contacting the solid support with an elution solution under condition whereby the noncovalently bound immunoglobulin is released from the ligand and into the elution solution, wherein at least 55% of the IgG present in the biological fluid is extracted into the elution solution. In some embodiments, the invention provides a method for enriching immunoglobulin from a biological fluid comprising obtaining an initial biological fluid suspected of containing immunoglobulin and removing non-immunoglobulin components naturally occurring in the initial biological fluid to obtain a non-immunoglobulin componentreduced biological fluid.