Anti-MAA antibody levels identify subclinical coronary artery disease without invasive imaging.
Controlled oxidation of immunoglobulins increases immunogenicity while minimizing protein aggregation and inflammatory side effects.
Arginine-assisted nanofiltration prevents self-association during ultrafiltration, yielding high-purity pentameric IgM with minimal aggregates.
Ion exchange membrane chromatography removes host cell proteins and DNA via competitive displacement, lowering operational costs.