Image Sensor ADC Core Amplifier for Low-Noise High-Gain Conversion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Analog-to-digital converters in image sensors face challenges with high thermal noise and high power consumption due to the use of FinFETs.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of an analog-to-digital converter that combines planar transistors and FinFETs, incorporating a core amplifier with auto-zero switching and comparators to reduce thermal noise and power consumption, by using planar transistors for noise reduction and FinFETs for high gain and speed.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If FinFET is used in the analog-to-digital converter, then high gain and speed are achieved, but thermal noise increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovegainVSAvoidthermal noise
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the transistor usage by applying different transistor types to different functional blocks. FinFETs are used specifically in the first comparator for high gain and speed requirements, while planar transistors are used in the second comparator and other blocks where thermal noise is more critical. This segmentation allows each block to use the most appropriate transistor type for its specific function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by using different transistor types in different locations based on functional requirements. The first comparator, which requires high gain and speed, uses FinFETs. The second comparator and other blocks, where thermal noise reduction is prioritized, use planar transistors. This localized application of different transistor qualities optimizes overall performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Speed

If FinFET is used in the analog-to-digital converter, then high speed is achieved, but power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion speedVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the converter stages and applies FinFETs only where high speed is critical (first comparator), while using planar transistors in other stages (second comparator, switching units) where lower power consumption is more important. This reduces overall power consumption while maintaining necessary speed performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different transistor types locally based on speed requirements. FinFETs are deployed in the first comparator where high speed operation is essential for accurate analog-to-digital conversion. Planar transistors are used in subsequent stages where speed requirements are less stringent, thereby reducing total power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Object-generated harmful factors

If planar transistor is used in the analog-to-digital converter, then thermal noise is reduced, but gain and speed decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal noiseVSAvoidgain
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the comparator functions, using planar transistors in the second comparator where thermal noise reduction is prioritized, and FinFETs in the first comparator where high gain is essential. This segmentation allows the system to achieve low thermal noise in noise-sensitive blocks while maintaining high gain in gain-critical blocks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies planar transistors locally in blocks where thermal noise reduction is most beneficial (second comparator, switching units), while using FinFETs in blocks where gain requirements are critical (first comparator). This localized approach optimizes the trade-off between noise and gain.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Object-generated harmful factors

If planar transistor is used in the analog-to-digital converter, then thermal noise is reduced, but conversion speed decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal noiseVSAvoidconversion speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the conversion stages and applies planar transistors in stages where thermal noise reduction is prioritized (second comparator, switching units), while using FinFETs in the first comparator where high conversion speed is critical. This segmentation maintains overall conversion speed while reducing thermal noise in appropriate blocks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different transistor types locally based on speed requirements. FinFETs are used in the first comparator where high conversion speed is essential for accurate timing and conversion. Planar transistors are used in subsequent stages where speed requirements are less stringent, thereby reducing thermal noise without significantly impacting overall conversion speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentUS20240314469A1Analog-to-digital converter, image sensor including the same, and core amplifier of the analog-to-digital converter
Publication Date: 2024.09.19 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
  • US20240314469A1 patent drawing
  • US20240314469A1 patent drawing
  • US20240314469A1 patent drawing

AI summary

An analog-to-digital converter of an image sensor includes a pixel load connected to a column line connected to a plurality of pixels, a pixel signal input terminal configured to receive a pixel signal through the column line, a ramp signal input terminal configured to receive a ramp signal compared with the pixel signal and operating as a source follower, a core amplifier configured to compare the pixel signal with the ramp signal, and output the pixel signal based on a comparison result, and an auto-zero switching unit configured to initialize the core amplifier.