Two-Wheel Vehicle Integral Electric Wheel-Drive Traction Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Two-wheel vehicles with electric wheel-drive face challenges in weight distribution and roadholding, particularly during acceleration and braking, leading to potential loss of adherence and instability on various surfaces.

Innovation Solution

A two-wheel vehicle with integral electric wheel-drive, featuring electric motors in both front and rear wheel hubs, with a selector to choose between integral, rear, front, and assisted pedaling modes, and energy recovery during braking, managed by electronic controllers for optimal weight distribution and control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a two-wheel vehicle uses electric wheel-drive with motors in both front and rear wheel hubs, then maximum traction and safety on any surface is achieved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraction and safetyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The vehicle is divided into two independent wheel-drive systems, with each wheel having its own electric motor and control unit. This segmentation allows each wheel to be controlled independently, providing maximum traction and stability while allowing the system to function with partial failure of one motor

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The vehicle employs dynamic control of the two motors through electronic controllers that can independently adjust motor output based on driving conditions, surface conditions, and weight distribution. This dynamic adjustment optimizes traction while managing the complexity through intelligent control algorithms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Device complexity

If a two-wheel vehicle uses traditional single-wheel drive, then device complexity is reduced, but weight distribution and roadholding problems occur during acceleration and braking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidroadholding
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The single-wheel drive system is segmented into two independent wheel-drive systems, with each wheel having its own electric motor. This segmentation eliminates the weight distribution and roadholding problems by distributing the driving force across both wheels, preventing loss of adherence during acceleration and braking

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the parameter of driving force distribution from concentrated on one wheel to distributed across both wheels. This parameter change fundamentally resolves the roadholding issues during acceleration and braking while maintaining manageable complexity through electronic control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of energy

If energy recovery during braking is implemented, then energy consumption is minimized, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy consumptionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The braking system incorporates energy recovery through regenerative braking, where the electric motors function as generators during deceleration. The electronic controllers detect braking conditions and redirect kinetic energy back to the energy storage system, creating a feedback loop that minimizes energy loss while managing complexity through integrated control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of discarding the kinetic energy during braking, the system recovers this energy by converting it back to electrical energy through the electric motors acting as generators. This recovery process minimizes energy consumption while the integrated control system manages the added complexity efficiently

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Ensures maximum traction and safety on any surface, maintains excellent weight distribution, and minimizes energy consumption while providing high-performance capabilities similar to non-electric two-wheel vehicles.

Implementation Method 1

two electric motor groups installed in the front wheel hub 11 and in the back wheel hub 12

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic conversion: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The two motors are fed by an electric accumulator group, housed inside the frame 13

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBattery energy storage: Battery (electricity)

Implementation Method 3

energy recovery during braking

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRegenerative braking: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP1810918B1Two-wheel vehicle with integral electric wheel-drive
Publication Date: 2009.11.18 PIAGGIO & C SPA
  • EP1810918B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1810918B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Two-wheel vehicle (10) with an integral electric wheel-drive characterized in that it comprises two electric driving motors, a front wheel electric motor (11) and a back wheel electric motor (12) respectively, fed by at least one electric accumulator group.