Intensity-Modulated X-Ray Source for Cargo Inspection

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional X-ray cargo inspection systems operate at fixed intensity, often exceeding the necessary level for penetration, leading to inefficient radiation usage and increased exposure, while failing to utilize the maximum intensity capabilities of the source, thus requiring a system that can deliver minimum X-ray intensity for effective imaging and penetration.

Innovation Solution

An intensity-modulated X-ray source that adjusts X-ray intensity on a pulse-to-pulse basis using a feedback loop, based on signal strengths from the detector array, allowing for dynamic adjustment of peak current to optimize penetration while maintaining a reduced radiation footprint.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If fixed high intensity X-ray source is used to ensure sufficient penetration, then penetration capability is improved, but radiation exposure and shielding requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepenetration capabilityVSAvoidradiation exposure
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The X-ray source intensity is made dynamically adjustable rather than fixed. The system modulates the peak current of the X-ray source on a pulse-to-pulse basis according to real-time feedback from detector signals, allowing the intensity to adapt to the actual penetration needs of different cargo densities and compositions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

A feedback control loop is implemented where detector array signals are continuously monitored and used to adjust the X-ray source intensity. The system measures the transmitted X-ray signals and uses this information to modulate the source output, ensuring optimal penetration while minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Strength

If fixed high intensity X-ray source is used to ensure sufficient penetration, then penetration capability is improved, but system efficiency deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepenetration capabilityVSAvoidsystem efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts X-ray source intensity to match the actual penetration requirements of each inspected cargo. By modulating the peak current based on feedback signals, the system delivers the minimum necessary intensity for adequate imaging, avoiding the waste of using consistently high intensity for all inspections.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The peak current parameter of the X-ray source is varied dynamically during operation. The system changes the intensity parameter according to the specific inspection needs detected by the detector array, optimizing the balance between penetration capability and energy consumption for each inspection scenario.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If higher energy X-ray source is used to improve penetration, then penetration capability is improved, but shielding weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepenetration capabilityVSAvoidshielding weight
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses dynamic intensity modulation to achieve sufficient penetration with lower average radiation levels. This allows the use of lighter shielding materials or reduced shielding thickness while maintaining safety standards, as the peak intensity is delivered only when and where needed rather than continuously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system applies partial action by delivering high intensity X-rays only when and where penetration is actually needed, rather than using continuous high intensity. This reduces the overall radiation burden and allows for reduced shielding requirements while maintaining adequate penetration capability for dense cargo when necessary.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances imaging penetration by up to 5 cm of steel-equivalent while reducing the average radiation footprint by a factor of 1 to 3, allowing for the use of higher energy sources in mobile applications with reduced shielding weights, thereby improving efficiency and safety.

Implementation Method 1

The X-ray source comprises a linear accelerator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLinear accelerator: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The linear accelerator is based on an electron gun

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron emission: Thermionic Emission

Data Source

PatentEP3287773B1Systems and methods for using an intensity -modulated x-ray source
Publication Date: 2021.03.03 RAPISCAN LABORATORIES INC
  • EP3287773B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3287773B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3287773B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The present invention is directed toward an X-ray scanning system having a plurality of detectors and a controller, where a) the controller is configured to receive and identify a minimum X-ray transmission level detected by at least one detector, b) the controller compares the minimum X-ray transmission level to at least one predetermined threshold transmission level, and c) based on said comparison, the controller generates an adjustment signal. The present invention further comprises an X-ray source, where the X-ray source receives an adjustment signal and is configured to adjust an X-ray pulse duration based on the adjustment signal.