Intermediate-Frequency Repeater System for Low-Loss Cable Links

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing repeater systems for millimeter-wave frequencies face significant signal attenuation and switching losses due to coaxial cables and the need for synchronization in TDD mode, limiting network coverage and increasing installation costs.

Innovation Solution

The repeater system converts radio signals to intermediate frequencies for transmission between separate donor and service units, using frequency converters and switches to minimize cable length and reduce signal attenuation, and employs adjustable gain amplifiers to avoid oscillations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If radio signals are transmitted at millimeter-wave frequencies, then data rates are increased, but signal attenuation and propagation losses are significantly increased

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata rateVSAvoidsignal attenuation
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the millimeter-wave signal transmission into two stages: first converting to intermediate frequency for low-loss cable transmission, then converting back to millimeter-wave for final transmission. This segmentation allows each stage to operate in its optimal frequency range, achieving both high data rates and low signal attenuation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediate frequency as a mediator between the baseband signal and the millimeter-wave signal. This intermediate frequency serves as a bridge that enables efficient cable transmission while preserving the capability for high-speed wireless transmission, effectively mediating between the conflicting requirements of low attenuation and high data rate

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If coaxial cables are used to connect donor and service antennas, then signal transmission is enabled, but frequency-dependent signal attenuation increases with frequency and cable length

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal transmissionVSAvoidcable attenuation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The system changes the frequency parameter of the signal from millimeter-wave to intermediate frequency during cable transmission. This parameter change fundamentally alters the cable's attenuation characteristics, reducing signal loss from potentially unacceptable levels to manageable levels that can be compensated by amplifiers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If TDD mode is used for repeater operation, then frequency utilization is improved, but synchronization requirements and switching losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency utilizationVSAvoidsynchronization and switching
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the synchronization function from the millimeter-wave signal path and implements it separately at the intermediate frequency stage. This extraction allows synchronization to be established once at a lower frequency where it is easier to manage, eliminating the need for complex continuous synchronization at millimeter-wave frequencies

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Area of stationary object

If repeater gain is increased to compensate for cable losses, then signal coverage is improved, but oscillations may occur between transmit and receive paths

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal coverageVSAvoidoscillation stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The intermediate frequency converter acts as an isolating intermediary between the receive and transmit paths. This intermediary breaks the direct feedback loop that could cause oscillations, allowing high gain to be used for extended coverage while maintaining system stability through the frequency conversion barrier

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces signal loss and energy consumption, enabling effective network coverage with reduced installation complexity and cost.

Implementation Method 1

The repeater system comprises a first frequency converter unit (400), referred to as a donor unit, and a second frequency converter unit (450), referred to as a service unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFrequency conversion: Heterodyne

Data Source

PatentEP3928440B1Repeater system
Publication Date: 2025.10.15 TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
  • EP3928440B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3928440B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3928440B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a repeater system (10) for forwarding radio signals. The repeater system (10) comprises a donor unit (400) for converting the frequencies of the radio signals from the transmission frequency to an intermediate frequency (ZF); a server unit (450) for converting the converted radio signals from the intermediate frequency (ZF) to the transmission frequency; and a cable (420), which connects the donor unit (400) and the service unit (450) and transmits the converted radio signals over a distance between the donor unit (400) and the service unit (450) at the intermediate frequency (ZF). The donor unit (400) has an uplink donor antenna (40b) and a separate downlink donor antenna (40c) and/or the service unit (450) has an uplink service antenna (50b) and, at the same time, a separate downlink service antenna (50a).