Josephson D-Gate Bi-Stable Loop for Low-Power SFQ Memory Readout

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current digital logic technologies, such as CMOS, face limitations in terms of speed, power dissipation, computational density, and interconnect bandwidth, prompting the need for alternative solutions like superconducting Josephson junction-based circuits that can efficiently store and read digital states with minimal power dissipation.

Innovation Solution

A superconductive gate system utilizing a Josephson D-gate circuit with a bi-stable loop that stores digital states based on the direction of a bi-stable current, where the digital state is written using an enable SFQ pulse and either the presence or absence of a data SFQ pulse, and read using a coupled readout circuit, with power dissipation only during set, reset, and read operations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If CMOS technology is used for digital logic, then manufacturing maturity and ease of manufacture are improved, but speed, power dissipation, and computational density are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing maturityVSAvoidcomputational density
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from CMOS technology operating at room temperature to superconducting technology operating at cryogenic temperatures (4 Kelvin), fundamentally changing the operating temperature parameter to achieve higher computational density and speed while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through established superconducting fabrication processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the resistive switching mechanism of CMOS with superconducting Josephson junctions that utilize quantum tunneling and flux quantum dynamics, substituting classical electrical resistance-based operation with quantum mechanical effects to achieve higher performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Ease of operation

If CMOS technology is used for digital logic, then ease of operation is maintained, but power dissipation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational simplicityVSAvoidpower dissipation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The bi-stable loop maintains the stored digital state continuously without requiring continuous power input, as the superconducting persistent current flows without resistance, eliminating static power dissipation while maintaining the stored state indefinitely

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses periodic SFQ pulses for writing and reading data states, where brief pulsed currents are applied only during write and read operations, rather than continuous current flow, thereby minimizing energy dissipation to only the necessary operational moments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Speed

If superconducting Josephson junctions are used, then speed and computational density are improved, but operating temperature requirements worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata rateVSAvoidoperating temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent exploits the superconducting phase transition of materials below their critical temperature, utilizing the zero-resistance state achieved through this phase transition to enable lossless current flow and high-speed operation, while the cryogenic temperature requirement is managed as an enabling condition for the superconducting state

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

4Loss of energy

If a bi-stable loop is used to store digital states, then power dissipation is reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower dissipationVSAvoidcircuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The bi-stable loop circuit serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a memory element for data storage, a logic element for state manipulation, and a low-power device due to its superconducting nature, thereby justifying its structural complexity through multi-functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables efficient storage and retrieval of digital states with reduced power consumption, suitable for high-performance memory systems, as demonstrated by the ability to operate at low temperatures and maintain data without continuous power usage.

Implementation Method 1

superconducting Josephson junctions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJosephson effect: Josephson Effect

Implementation Method 2

single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFlux quantization:

Data Source

PatentEP3167450B1Superconductive gate system
Publication Date: 2020.09.16 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP
  • EP3167450B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3167450B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3167450B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

One embodiment includes a superconductive gate system. The superconductive gate system includes a Josephson D-gate circuit comprising a bi-stable loop configured to store a digital state as one of a first data state and a second data state in response to an enable single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse provided on an enable input and a respective presence of or absence of a data SFQ pulse provided on a data input. The digital state can be provided at an output. The readout circuit is coupled to the output and can be configured to reproduce the digital state as an output signal.