Ketamine Transdermal Patch Controlled Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current ketamine delivery methods, such as intravenous and intranasal administration, face challenges including high costs, inconvenient administration, rapid plasma concentration leading to adverse side effects, and potential for abuse, which limit their efficacy and patient compliance in treating depression, neuropathic pain, and PTSD.
Innovation Solution
A transdermal delivery device comprising a ketamine patch with a drug-in-adhesive layer containing ketamine, skin permeation enhancers, crystallization inhibitors, antioxidants, and pressure-sensitive adhesives, designed to provide a controlled and prolonged release of ketamine, reducing side effects and abuse potential while maintaining antidepressant effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If intravenous or intranasal ketamine administration is used, then rapid antidepressant effects are achieved, but high maximum plasma concentrations cause adverse side effects and abuse potential
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the administration route from intravenous/intranasal to transdermal, fundamentally altering the pharmacokinetic parameters. This results in gradual absorption through the skin, maintaining therapeutic plasma concentrations while avoiding peak concentrations that cause dissociative effects and abuse potential
Solution Approach 2:
The transdermal patch acts as an intermediary delivery system between the ketamine molecule and the bloodstream. The controlled-release matrix and skin permeation enhancers mediate the drug's entry into systemic circulation, providing sustained release at lower peak concentrations
2Reliability
If intravenous ketamine infusion is used, then antidepressant effects are achieved, but high clinical delivery cost and inconvenience limit patient compliance
Solution Approach 1:
The transdermal patch is a self-adhering, self-regulating delivery system that requires minimal intervention after application. Once applied to the skin, it automatically controls the release rate of ketamine without requiring ongoing medical supervision or patient effort, improving compliance while maintaining efficacy
3Reliability
If intranasal ketamine is administered, then antidepressant effects are achieved, but frequent administration is required which increases abuse potential and nasal rhinitis risk
Solution Approach 1:
The transdermal patch provides continuous release of ketamine over an extended period (typically 7 days or longer), ensuring sustained therapeutic plasma concentrations. This continuous delivery eliminates the gaps between doses that characterize intranasal administration, reducing abuse potential and preventing nasal tissue damage
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The transdermal delivery device achieves sustained antidepressant effects with reduced side effects and improved patient compliance by providing a prolonged exposure profile with lower maximum plasma concentrations, thereby minimizing dissociative effects and abuse potential, and can be stored stably for extended periods.
Implementation Method 1
skin permeation enhancers
Implementation Method 2
crystallization inhibitors
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are transdermal delivery devices comprising ketamine, such as monolithic transdermal patches. Also provided herein are methods of preparing transdermal delivery devices. The transdermal delivery device and monolithic patch herein can have various uses, for example, for treating various diseases or disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and/or pain in a subject in need thereof.