Lead Halide Precursor Ink for Uniform Perovskite Thin Films
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current photovoltaic technologies face challenges in achieving high efficiency and stability, particularly in the deposition of perovskite solar cells, where the morphology and coverage of the perovskite layer on mesoporous TiO2 layers affect photovoltaic performance, and existing solar cells struggle with cost-effectiveness and durability.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the preparation of a lead halide precursor ink by dissolving lead halide in a solvent and adding water, which is then deposited onto a substrate, followed by drying and the application of a second solvent and salt, to form a thin film, enhancing the photovoltaic performance by improving the morphology and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If perovskite layer is deposited on mesoporous TiO2 using conventional methods, then photovoltaic performance is achieved, but morphology and coverage control is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the precursor ink by incorporating specific additives (e.g., formamidinium iodide, hydrochloric acid) and adjusting solvent ratios to control perovskite crystallization kinetics, thereby achieving improved morphology and coverage without complicating the deposition process
Solution Approach 2:
The precursor ink is pre-formulated with controlled composition and stoichiometry before deposition, allowing the perovskite layer to self-organize into desired morphology during the deposition and annealing process, reducing the need for post-processing adjustments
2Productivity
If perovskite solar cell efficiency is increased, then energy conversion improves, but stability and durability decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite perovskite structures combining multiple cations (methylammonium, formamidinium, cesium) and halides (iodide, bromide) to create materials that simultaneously achieve high efficiency and enhanced stability through complementary properties of different components
Solution Approach 2:
The precursor ink formulation creates local compositional variations that promote formation of phases with different properties - high-efficiency phases in active regions and stable phases at grain boundaries and interfaces, achieving both efficiency and durability
3Productivity
If perovskite coverage on TiO2 is increased, then photovoltaic performance improves, but manufacturing cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The optimized precursor ink formulation enables the perovskite to self-assemble and self-limit its growth to achieve complete TiO2 coverage without excess material, with the ink composition automatically regulating deposition uniformity and preventing waste
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method improves the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells by optimizing the morphology and coverage of the perovskite layer, leading to enhanced energy conversion efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Implementation Method 1
drying the lead halide precursor ink to form a thin film
Implementation Method 2
contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a perovskite material and a method of producing such. The method comprises the steps of: preparing a lead halide precursor ink, depositing the lead halide precursor ink onto a substrate; drying the lead halide precursor ink to form a thin film; and depositing a second solvent and a salt onto the thin film. Preparing a lead halide precursor ink comprises the steps of: introducing a lead halide into a vessel; introducing a first solvent into the vessel; contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide; and introducing water into the vessel.