Lithium-Magnesium Alloy Anode Lamination for Stable Primary Battery Discharge
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need to suppress the deterioration in discharge characteristics of lithium primary batteries.
Innovation Solution
A lithium primary battery design featuring a positive electrode with manganese dioxide and a negative electrode comprising a laminated structure of a lithium-magnesium alloy layer and an aluminum layer, with specific mass content ratios of lithium and magnesium, and optionally including a second lithium layer, to enhance electrode strength and improve discharge characteristics.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If a lithium alloy negative electrode is used to maintain high energy density, then the battery achieves high energy density, but the electrode strength deteriorates and discharge characteristics worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The negative electrode uses a composite structure combining a lithium alloy layer (containing Li and Mg) with an aluminum layer. This composite structure maintains high energy density from the lithium alloy while the aluminum layer provides mechanical strength and structural stability, resolving the contradiction between energy density and electrode strength.
Solution Approach 2:
The aluminum layer is applied specifically to the surface of the lithium alloy negative electrode, providing localized mechanical reinforcement where it is most needed for structural integrity, while the bulk lithium alloy material maintains its high energy density properties. This local application of different material properties resolves the strength-energy density contradiction.
2Strength
If magnesium content in the alloy layer is increased to improve strength, then electrode strength improves, but discharge characteristics deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the magnesium content parameter within a specific range (0.01-2.0 wt%, preferably 0.05-1.0 wt%). This controlled parameter change achieves the necessary electrode strength improvement while maintaining acceptable discharge characteristics, resolving the contradiction between strength and reliability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed design effectively suppresses deterioration in discharge characteristics, particularly at low temperatures, by increasing electrode strength and reducing resistance through controlled alloying and dispersibility of magnesium, thereby maintaining high energy density and discharge efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
the first lithium layer is an alloy layer containing lithium and magnesium
Implementation Method 2
a negative electrode including a first lithium layer and an aluminum layer laminated with the first lithium layer
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
A lithium primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode contains manganese dioxide. The negative electrode includes a first lithium layer and an aluminum layer laminated with the first lithium layer. The first lithium layer is an alloy layer containing lithium and magnesium. The content of the lithium in the alloy layer is 89% by mass or more and 99.98% by mass or less. The content of the magnesium in the alloy layer is 0.02% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less.