A chelating electrolyte additive traps transition-metal impurities and converts overcharge into shut-down behavior to limit voltage drop and thermal runaway.
Controlled magnesium in a lithium alloy anode and electrolyte additives suppress expansion and side reactions that reduce primary battery capacity.
A Mg-containing lithium alloy anode and high facing-area wound electrodes reduce local lithium loss, chipping, and pulse discharge deterioration.
A grooved negative electrode embeds a porous modification film to prevent layer detachment, cut side reactions, and keep button cells stable.
A grooved negative electrode embeds a porous modification film to prevent layer detachment, lower resistance, and stabilize large-current pulse discharge.
A laminated lithium-magnesium alloy and aluminum anode suppresses discharge deterioration in MnO2 primary batteries, especially at low temperatures.