Lithium Metal Battery Electrolyte Composition for Low-Salt Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium metal batteries face issues with porosification and safety due to high electrolyte salt concentrations, which affect durability and safety during charging/discharging, and reducing salt concentration leads to poor safety and durability.
Innovation Solution
An electrolytic solution for lithium metal batteries with a reduced electrolyte salt concentration, comprising a first organic solvent with a vapor pressure of 0.003 MPa or more and a second organic solvent with a vapor pressure of 0.007 MPa or less, along with specific lithium salts and additives, to improve safety and durability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of stationary object
If the concentration of electrolyte salt is increased to suppress porosification, then durability is improved, but safety deteriorates due to poor circulation of electrolytic solution and high cost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by introducing a specific cyclic carbonate component and adjusting its concentration range (10-40 vol%), thereby modifying the electrolyte's properties to achieve both improved safety and durability without relying on high salt concentration
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite electrolyte system by combining cyclic carbonate with chain carbonate and lithium salt, where the cyclic carbonate component (10-40 vol%) plays a specific role in forming protective films that enhance both safety and durability simultaneously
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the concentration of electrolyte salt is reduced to improve safety, then safety is improved, but durability deteriorates due to porosification
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the electrolyte composition by adding cyclic carbonate in specific amounts (10-40 vol%) and adjusting lithium salt concentration (0.5-2.0 mol/L), which changes the electrochemical behavior to prevent porosification while maintaining safety
Solution Approach 2:
The cyclic carbonate acts as an intermediary substance that forms protective interface films between the lithium metal and electrolyte, preventing direct harmful interactions and porosification while allowing safe operation at lower salt concentrations
3Duration of action of stationary object
If the concentration of electrolyte salt is increased to improve durability, then durability is improved, but manufacturing uniformity deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the concentration parameters of cyclic carbonate (10-40 vol%) and lithium salt (0.5-2.0 mol/L) to achieve a balanced composition that ensures both durability and uniform manufacturing characteristics
Solution Approach 2:
The patent promotes homogeneity in the electrolyte composition by carefully balancing the ratios of cyclic carbonate, chain carbonate, and lithium salt, ensuring uniform distribution and consistent performance across manufacturing batches
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances the safety and durability of lithium metal batteries by reducing electrolyte salt concentration, improving solubility, and maintaining battery performance while reducing resistance and oxidation resistance.
Implementation Method 1
the first organic solvent having a vapor pressure at 25° C. of 0.003 MPa or more and having no flash point, and a second organic solvent having a vapor pressure at 25° C. of 0.007 MPa or less
Data Source
AI summary
To provide an electrolytic solution for lithium metal battery, which is capable of reducing the concentration of an electrolyte salt in an electrolytic solution and is excellent in safety and durability during charging/discharging. Disclosed is an electrolytic solution for lithium metal battery, comprising an organic solvent and an electrolyte salt, the electrolyte salt comprising a lithium salt, and the organic solvent comprising a first organic solvent having a vapor pressure at 25° C. of 0.003 MPa or more and having no flash point, and a second organic solvent having a vapor pressure at 25° C. of 0.007 MPa or less.