Recombinant MAP Subunit Vaccines for Paratuberculosis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current vaccines for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are limited by adverse reactions, interference with diagnostic tests, and incomplete protection against infection, highlighting the need for improved vaccines that induce strong immune responses without these drawbacks.

Innovation Solution

The use of immunogenic proteins MAP1087, MAP1204, and MAP2077c, either alone or in combination, as subunit vaccines to stimulate protective immune responses in animals, reducing colonization and shedding of MAP, and minimizing clinical disease symptoms.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If heat-killed whole cell vaccine is used, then immunity is induced and fecal shedding is reduced, but adverse reactions occur including severe inflammation and granuloma formation at injection site

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveprotective efficacyVSAvoidadverse reactions

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the whole cell vaccine into specific protein subunits (MAP1087, MAP1204, MAP2077c). This segmentation approach isolates the immunogenic components from the harmful elements of the whole cell vaccine, achieving protective efficacy while eliminating adverse reactions like inflammation and granuloma formation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts only the essential immunogenic proteins (MAP1087, MAP1204, MAP2077c) from the whole cell vaccine. By taking out only the beneficial immunogenic components and leaving behind the harmful elements, the vaccine achieves protection without adverse reactions.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Reliability

If heat-killed whole cell vaccine is used, then immunity is induced, but diagnostic detection is interfered with including skin testing and serologic detection

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveprotective efficacyVSAvoiddiagnostic detection accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the vaccine into specific protein subunits that induce immunity without cross-reacting with diagnostic tests. This segmentation allows differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals by maintaining diagnostic test accuracy while providing protective efficacy.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by selecting specific proteins with distinct immunogenic properties that do not cross-react with diagnostic antigens. The vaccine induces localized immune responses to specific proteins while leaving diagnostic detection pathways unaffected.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

3Object-affected harmful factors

If subunit vaccines are used, then adverse reactions and diagnostic interference are reduced, but protective efficacy may be compromised compared to whole cell vaccines

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveadverse reactionsVSAvoidprotective efficacy

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple subunit vaccines (MAP1087, MAP1204, MAP2077c) into a combined formulation. This combination approach consolidates the protective effects of individual proteins while maintaining the advantages of subunit vaccines, achieving efficacy comparable to whole cell vaccines without adverse reactions or diagnostic interference.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite vaccine formulation containing multiple immunogenic proteins. This composite approach integrates the benefits of different protein subunits to achieve robust protective efficacy while maintaining the safety and diagnostic compatibility advantages of subunit vaccines.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

These proteins effectively induce both cellular and humoral immune responses, significantly reducing MAP colonization and transmission within herds, while avoiding adverse reactions and diagnostic interference, providing comprehensive protection against paratuberculosis.

Implementation Method 1

These proteins effectively induce both cellular and humoral immune responses, significantly reducing MAP colonization and transmission within herds

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectImmune response induction:

Data Source

PatentUS9175049B2Recombinant mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins induce immunity and protect against infection

Publication Date: 2015.11.03 US SEC AGRI

AI summary

Compositions of immunogenic proteins of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are effective for stimulating a protective immune response in animals against MAP. Combinations of MAP1087 with two or more of MAP1204, MAP1272c and MAP2077c are effective for stimulating a protective immune response in animals against MAP and can be administered as vaccines against paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Induction of the immune response significantly reduces or eliminates colonization of the animal by MAP, and consequently reduces or eliminates the symptoms of clinical disease in animals infected with MAP and reduces or eliminates fecal shedding of MAP. Vaccination with the compositions provides protection against clinical disease and reduces transmission of MAP infection within a herd.