Master-Slave Clock Synchronization for Multi-IC ADC Alignment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current radar systems face challenges in achieving precise clock distribution and synchronization across multiple ICs in a master-slave arrangement, leading to phase errors and compromised angular resolution due to PCB delays and PVT variations, which are costly and complex to address with existing methods.

Innovation Solution

A communication unit with a master-slave architecture that embeds a chirp start signal within the clock signal, using a reference phase locked loop and LVDS signaling to ensure synchronized clock and data alignment across all devices, reducing the need for dedicated pins and relaxing PCB design constraints.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If separate dedicated pins and signals are used for clock and frame start synchronization across multiple ICs, then synchronization precision is improved, but device complexity and PCB design constraints increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesynchronization precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the frame start signal and clock signal into a single integrated signal transmitted through one dedicated pin. The frame start information is encoded within the clock signal structure, eliminating the need for separate dedicated pins for each signal while maintaining precise synchronization across multiple ICs in the daisy-chain configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The clock signal serves dual functions: it provides the timing reference for ADC sampling and simultaneously carries the frame start synchronization information. This multi-functional approach reduces the number of required signal pins and simplifies the overall system architecture while maintaining precise synchronization capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If separate dedicated pins are used for clock and frame start signals, then synchronization precision is improved, but ease of manufacture deteriorates due to stringent PCB design constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesynchronization precisionVSAvoidease of manufacture
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

By merging the frame start signal into the clock signal structure, the patent reduces the number of required PCB traces and connection points. This integration relaxes PCB design constraints regarding trace length matching and impedance control, making the system easier to manufacture while maintaining synchronization precision through the encoded signal structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If multiple separate signals are used for synchronization, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereliabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where each slave IC receives the integrated clock signal with frame start information, extracts the synchronization timing, and uses it to control its ADC sampling. This feedback loop ensures reliable synchronization across the daisy-chain while using a single integrated signal path, reducing complexity compared to multiple independent signal paths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves quasi-perfect synchronization of clock signals, minimizing phase errors and allowing for increased phase-aligned performance, improved angular resolution, and flexible PCB design, while reducing system complexity and cost.

Implementation Method 1

a clock generation circuit, comprising an internally-generated reference phase locked loop circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase locked loop:

Implementation Method 2

a communication circuit, comprising an LVDS circuit configured to receive the distributed reference clock signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLVDS signaling:

Data Source

PatentEP3591434B1Communication unit, integrated circuits and method for clock and data synchronization
Publication Date: 2023.07.26 NXP USA INC
  • EP3591434B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3591434B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3591434B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A communication unit (900) includes a plurality of cascaded devices that comprise at least one master device (910) and at least one slave device (920, 923) configured in a master-slave arrangement. The at least one master device (910) and at least one slave device (920, 923) each include: a demodulator circuit (964, 965) configured to receive a distributed reference clock signal (984) and re-create a system clock signal (988, 990) therefrom; a clock generation circuit comprising an internally-generated reference phase locked loop configured to receive the recreated system clock signal (988, 990) to create a master-slave clock signal; and an analog-to-digital converter, ADC, (941, 942) coupled to the reference phase locked loop and configured to use a same master-slave clock signal (988, 990) to align respective sampling instants between each ADC (941, 942) of the at least one master device (910) and at least one slave device (920, 923).