Ferromagnetic Memory Cell with Anisotropy Gradient for Multi-Level Storage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM) devices struggle to implement multiple levels of data storage due to limitations in controlling magnetization states within a single transistor and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ).

Innovation Solution

A ferromagnetic memory device is developed with a magnetic anisotropy energy gradient induced by plasma ion irradiation, forming multiple magnetic domains within the magnetic free layer, and controlled through varying input current pulses to manage magnetization states across these domains.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If a single magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is used for data storage, then the device structure is simple, but only one bit of data can be stored

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata storage capacityVSAvoiddevice structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The magnetic free layer is divided into multiple magnetic domains (first, second, and third magnetic domains) with different magnetization states. Each domain can independently store one bit of data, enabling multi-bit storage capacity while maintaining a single MTJ structure. The segmentation is achieved through controlled ion irradiation that creates distinct magnetic regions within the free layer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the magnetic free layer are given different magnetic properties through selective ion irradiation. The first, second, and third magnetic domains have different magnetization directions and switching characteristics, allowing each region to serve a specific storage function. This local differentiation enables multi-level storage without requiring multiple separate MTJ cells.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Quantity of substance

If multiple magnetic domains are formed in the magnetic free layer, then multi-bit data storage is enabled, but the manufacturing process becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata storage capacityVSAvoidmanufacturing process
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The magnetic domains are pre-formed during the manufacturing process through controlled ion irradiation before the device is put into service. By establishing the multi-domain structure during fabrication, the complexity is front-loaded into manufacturing rather than requiring complex control circuits or post-processing steps during operation. The ion irradiation pattern is designed in advance to create the desired domain configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Adaptability or versatility

If ion irradiation is used to create magnetic anisotropy energy gradient, then multiple magnetic domains are formed, but the manufacturing process requires additional steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-level operation capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing process
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The manufacturing process utilizes ion irradiation to change the magnetic parameters (anisotropy energy, magnetization direction) of different regions within the magnetic free layer. By controlling the ion irradiation conditions (energy, angle, pattern), distinct magnetic domains with different properties are created, enabling multi-level operation. This parameter modification approach allows versatile functionality to be achieved through a relatively simple additional manufacturing step compared to creating multiple separate MTJ structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the ferromagnetic memory device to operate at multiple levels by adjusting the magnetization state of each domain, allowing for efficient multi-bit data storage and retrieval.

Implementation Method 1

a magnetic anisotropy energy gradient induced within the magnetic layer by plasma ion irradiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic anisotropy: Anisotropy

Implementation Method 2

plasma ion irradiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma ion irradiation: Ion Beam

Implementation Method 3

Ferromagnetic materials are easily magnetized and maintain their magnetization states even after an external magnetic field is removed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFerromagnetism: Ferromagnetism

Data Source

PatentEP4685797A1Ferromagnetic memory device for operating at multiple levels, method for manufacturing the same, and system including the same
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 UI (UNIVERSITY IND FOUNDATION) YONSEI UNIVERSITY
  • EP4685797A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4685797A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4685797A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A ferromagnetic memory device is disclosed. The ferromagnetic memory device comprising a memory cell, wherein the memory cell includes a magnetic free layer including a magnetic layer, and wherein the magnetic free layer including a magnetic anisotropy energy gradient induced within the magnetic layer by plasma ion irradiation.