Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compressor Thermal Insulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

The thermal efficiency of existing metal hydride hydrogen compressors is not optimal due to heat dissipation losses, limiting their ability to achieve high hydrogen pressures efficiently.

Innovation Solution

A metal hydride hydrogen compressor design that thermally insulates the pressure vessel from the storage element using an insulating material with low thermal conductivity, along with a heat exchange system that minimizes direct heat transfer between components, allowing for efficient hydrogen compression at pressures greater than 100 bar.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If the pressure vessel is made thin-walled to reduce heat dissipation, then thermal efficiency is improved, but mechanical strength and safety are compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipation lossesVSAvoidmechanical strength of pressure vessel
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The pressure vessel wall is segmented into multiple functional layers: an inner structural layer for mechanical strength, an intermediate insulating layer for thermal isolation, and an outer protective layer. This segmentation allows each layer to optimize for its specific function without compromising the others.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The pressure vessel employs composite wall construction combining materials with different properties - structural materials (steel or aluminum alloy) for strength, thermal insulating materials (aerogel, vacuum insulation, or foam) for thermal isolation. This composite structure achieves both mechanical strength and thermal efficiency simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Use of energy by moving object

If direct thermal contact between heat exchange means and pressure vessel is maintained, then heat transfer efficiency is improved, but thermal losses to the environment increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer efficiencyVSAvoidthermal losses to environment
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

A thermal isolation layer is introduced as an intermediary between the heat exchange means and the pressure vessel wall. This intermediary layer (made of insulating material or vacuum) prevents direct thermal contact, isolating the heat exchange process from the pressure vessel structure and reducing environmental heat losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The heat exchange means is nested within the pressure vessel in a configuration where it is thermally isolated from the vessel wall. The heat exchange component is positioned concentrically or in a nested arrangement that allows thermal isolation while maintaining efficient heat transfer to the storage element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

3Loss of energy

If thermal isolation between storage element and pressure vessel is enhanced, then thermal efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat lossesVSAvoidstructural complexity of pressure vessel
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Thin flexible insulating films or shells are used to provide thermal isolation between the storage element and pressure vessel. These thin-film solutions provide effective thermal barrier properties without adding significant structural complexity or volume.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

Standardized insulating component designs are used that can be replicated and adapted to different pressure vessel sizes and configurations. This standardization reduces design complexity while maintaining effective thermal isolation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design enhances the thermal efficiency of the compressor, reducing heat losses and enabling the achievement of higher hydrogen pressures while maintaining mechanical strength and safety.

Implementation Method 1

the operating principle of the metal hydride hydrogen compressor is based on reversible absorption of hydrogen by a storage material on which cooling and heating thermal cycles are imposed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReversible absorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 2

The storage material generally comprises a metallic species

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMetal hydride formation: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

The heat exchange means 6 intended to exchange heat with the storage material generally comprises a metal tube through which a heat transfer fluid passes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 4

through which a heat transfer fluid passes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 5

the envelope comprising an insulating material of first thermal conductivity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Data Source

PatentEP3516217B1Hydrogen compressor with metal hydride
Publication Date: 2020.07.01 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP3516217B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2d
  • EP3516217B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b
  • EP3516217B1 patent drawingFigure 4a~4b

AI summary

The invention relates to a hydrogen compressor (10) with metal hydride comprising: a pressure chamber (20), comprising an inner space, defined by a first inner surface (21); a shell (70) with a thickness E, the shell (70) comprising a first outer surface (71) facing the first inner surface (21), the shell (70) comprising an insulating material with first thermal conductivity; and a hydrogen storage element (50), contained in the shell (70), comprising a storage material suitable for storing or releasing hydrogen as a function of a temperature that is imposed on same, and having a second thermal conductivity higher than the first thermal conductivity.