MHC-Binding Peptide Epitopes for Esophageal Cancer Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for esophageal cancer, particularly in advanced stages, have limited therapeutic success and significant side effects, necessitating the development of more effective and less harmful immunotherapeutic approaches that target tumor-associated antigens.
Innovation Solution
The use of novel peptide sequences derived from HLA class I molecules of human tumor cells, which bind to MHC and induce T-cell responses, either alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides, to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses and serve as targets for antibodies or soluble T-cell receptors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional treatments for advanced esophageal cancer are used, then tumor growth may be suppressed, but therapeutic success is limited and side effects are significant
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the tumor antigen recognition process into multiple specific peptide epitopes (SEQ ID NO: 1-93) that can be individually targeted. By dividing the complex tumor antigen structure into discrete peptide segments, the immune system can be trained to recognize specific tumor-associated peptides without affecting healthy tissues, thereby reducing side effects while improving therapeutic success through targeted immunity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses peptide epitopes as intermediaries between the immune system and tumor cells. These peptides serve as mediators that bridge the gap between MHC molecules and T-cell receptors, enabling specific recognition of tumor cells. The peptides act as intermediaries that trigger immune responses against cancer cells while sparing normal tissues, thus reducing harmful side effects while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If current immunotherapeutic approaches are developed, then side effects may be reduced, but therapeutic effectiveness against advanced cancer remains limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent identifies peptide epitopes with broad applicability across multiple cancer types. The same peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO: 1-93) can target different tumor types expressing the corresponding antigens, making the immunotherapeutic approach universally applicable. This multi-functionality allows a single peptide-based vaccine to potentially treat various cancers, improving therapeutic success while maintaining low side effects through specific antigen targeting.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite peptide-MHC complexes as the immunotherapeutic agent. By combining peptide epitopes with MHC molecules to form stable complexes, the invention creates a composite structure that enhances immune recognition. This composite approach integrates the specificity of peptides with the presentation capability of MHC molecules, thereby improving therapeutic effectiveness while maintaining safety through precise immune system targeting.
3Reliability
If peptide sequences are designed to bind MHC and induce T-cell responses, then immune recognition of cancer cells is enhanced, but the complexity of identifying effective peptides increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary identification and characterization of tumor-associated peptide epitopes before clinical application. By pre-selecting and validating specific peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO: 1-93) that bind to MHC molecules and induce T-cell responses, the complex task of peptide identification is accomplished in advance. This preliminary action simplifies the subsequent therapeutic application, as the effective peptides are already identified and characterized for immune recognition.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses computational methods to predict and identify peptide sequences that are likely to bind MHC molecules and elicit immune responses. By creating in silico models and algorithms that copy and simulate the complex peptide-MHC-T cell interaction, the invention reduces the experimental complexity of identifying effective peptides. The computational copies allow screening of numerous peptide sequences without requiring extensive wet-lab experimentation for each candidate.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
These peptides enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and target cancer cells, potentially reducing side effects and improving treatment outcomes for esophageal cancer and other malignancies by stimulating specific immune responses.
Implementation Method 1
wherein said peptide binds to MHC and/or induces T cells cross-reacting with said peptide
Implementation Method 2
these peptides enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and target cancer cells
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.