Modified Cyanobacteria for Extracellular Electron Transfer

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the binding strength between the outer membrane and cell wall through genetic manipulation. Specifically, it reduces the expression level or alters the structure of binding proteins (such as SlaA or other outer membrane proteins) to create partial detachment, thereby changing the physical parameter of membrane-cell wall adhesion from tight to partially detached state, which enables efficient electron transfer while maintaining structural integrity

The patent introduces intermediary elements such as conductive polymers, redox mediators, or modified outer membrane proteins that act as electron transfer bridges between the intracellular electron carriers and the extracellular environment. These intermediaries facilitate electron transfer across the outer membrane-cell wall interface without requiring complete detachment, thus resolving the contradiction between stability and electron transfer efficiency

The patent applies the porous materials principle by creating a more permeable outer membrane structure through genetic modification. It introduces porin proteins or creates controlled porosity in the outer membrane, allowing electrons and other molecules to pass through more easily. This transforms the dense, low-permeability membrane into a controlled porous structure that facilitates electron transfer while maintaining selective permeability and overall membrane integrity

The patent employs composite materials by combining the native outer membrane with additional conductive or permeable components. This may include incorporating conductive polymers, metal nanoparticles, or hybrid protein-lipid structures into the outer membrane to enhance its electron transfer capability while preserving the fundamental membrane architecture and cellular protection functions