Modified mRNA Cap Structures for Stable, Efficient Capping

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the chemical structure of the mRNA cap from conventional m7G to alternative structures (such as 2'-O-methylguanosine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, or other modified nucleosides). These structural parameter changes maintain the protective function against 5' exonucleases while enabling cost-effective synthesis through modified transcription protocols, thereby resolving the contradiction between mRNA stability and manufacturing cost.

The patent employs the principle of using simplified or alternative cap structures that can be more economically produced. By replacing expensive conventional caps with chemically modified but more affordable alternatives (such as caps with modified sugar moieties or different nucleoside structures), the invention achieves cost reduction while maintaining sufficient functional performance for the intended application.

The patent utilizes parameter changes by altering the chemical parameters of the cap structure to optimize capping efficiency. Specific modifications such as changing the glycosidic bond configuration, modifying the sugar ring structure, or altering the nucleoside composition can enhance the recognition and processing by cellular enzymes, thereby improving capping efficiency and mRNA yield while maintaining protective functions.

The patent applies the copying principle by creating synthetic analogs of conventional caps that replicate the protective function while improving manufacturability. These synthetic cap structures serve as functional copies that can be incorporated during in vitro transcription, enabling efficient capping without relying on expensive or low-efficiency conventional cap synthesis methods.