Movable Display Sub-Panel for Full-Screen Camera Integration

The patent moves the image acquisition unit from the traditional in-plane integration (2D layout within the display area) to an out-of-plane positioning (3D spatial arrangement). The camera is placed on the back side of the display panel, utilizing the third dimension (depth) to resolve the conflict between integrating image acquisition functionality and maintaining full display area. This dimensional transition allows the camera to capture light from the front without occupying display real estate.

The display panel is divided into functionally distinct regions: a first substrate layer containing the display structure and a second substrate layer containing the image acquisition unit. This segmentation separates the display function from the image acquisition function into different spatial zones, allowing each to operate independently without interfering with the other's performance or area requirements.

The patent applies local quality by creating a dedicated light transmission region on the display panel's front surface that corresponds to the back-side camera position. This localized optical pathway is optimized for light transmission with minimal interference from display structures, while other regions maintain their display functions. The gate lines and data lines are selectively arranged to pass through or around this critical transmission zone with micron-level precision.

The patent replaces traditional mechanical/optical coupling methods with a direct back-side mounting approach. Instead of using complex lens assemblies, mirrors, or prisms to route light from the front to a front-mounted sensor, the camera is positioned directly on the back side, allowing light to transmit through the panel thickness. This substitution simplifies the optical path and reduces the number of optical interfaces that could degrade image quality.

The patent applies local quality by creating distinct zones within the transparent area: regions where gate lines and data lines are present (with micron-level widths optimized for minimal obstruction) and regions where they are absent (providing high light transmission). The line widths are locally optimized to balance electrical connectivity requirements with optical transmission needs, using widths on the order of micrometers to minimize shadowing effects.

The patent applies partial action by selectively extending gate lines and data lines only where necessary for pixel connectivity, rather than uniformly across the entire transparent area. The lines are routed to cover the minimum required area for functional display operation, leaving the majority of the transparent area free for optimal light transmission. This partial coverage approach satisfies display requirements while maximizing optical performance.