Multi-Epitope Vaccine Compositions for Broad Strain Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional vaccines for respiratory viruses and bacteria like influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not universally protective due to antigenic shift and drift, require high doses, and pose manufacturing challenges, while existing treatments face resistance and limited efficacy.
Innovation Solution
Development of immunogenic compositions comprising peptides with multiple epitopes and adjuvants like AS01, ALF, and composite epitopes that stimulate both mucosal and systemic immune responses, potentially replacing the need for frequent reformulations and high doses.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional vaccines target immunodominant protein HA, then vaccines can be manufactured, but they are not universally protective due to antigenic shift and drift
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine composition targets multiple conserved epitopes across different influenza strains and serotypes simultaneously. By incorporating epitopes from HA, NA, and matrix proteins that are highly conserved across strains, the vaccine achieves universal protection rather than strain-specific immunity, resolving the contradiction between reliability and adaptability
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite epitope structures combining multiple antigenic determinants from different influenza proteins (HA, NA, matrix) into a single vaccine formulation. This composite approach creates a multi-functional immune response that protects against diverse strains, overcoming the limitation of single-protein targeting
2Reliability
If high doses of antigen are administered to achieve protective immune response, then immunity can be achieved, but manufacturing costs and difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the immunogenicity parameter by selecting and combining epitopes with high conservedness and immunodominance across strains. This parameter optimization allows achieving protective immune responses at lower antigen doses compared to conventional vaccines, reducing manufacturing burden while maintaining efficacy
Solution Approach 2:
The vaccine focuses on specific high-value epitopic regions within influenza proteins that exhibit both conservation and immunogenicity. By concentrating the immune response on these critical local regions rather than whole proteins, the vaccine achieves effective immunity with reduced total antigen quantity required
3Reliability
If large amounts of protein are presented in natural order, then epitopes can be recognized, but the risk of undesirable immune responses increases
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine decomposes whole viral proteins into discrete epitopic segments or peptides. By presenting individual epitopes separately rather than as large native proteins, the vaccine maintains epitope recognition while minimizing the risk of inducing unwanted immune responses against non-critical protein regions
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts only the critical immunogenic epitopic portions from the complete viral proteins, discarding the rest of the protein structure. This extraction approach preserves the essential immune recognition elements while eliminating potential sources of undesirable immune reactions associated with full-length proteins
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to low dose compositions and peptides or peptide sequences that induce an immune response in an animal or a mammal that is protective against infection by one or more pathogens, and the antibodies generated. In addition, the invention relates to immunogenic composition and vaccines comprising compositions and peptide sequences or antibodies, and to methods for treating and preventing an infection in animals and mammals such as humans.