Multi-Lobed Microwave Resonator for Plasma Core Coupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

ECR ion sources face issues with inefficient microwave power deposition in the plasma core, leading to a 'void' along the central axis and poor wave-plasma coupling due to cylindrical symmetry and geometric mismatch in conventional resonators.

Innovation Solution

A microwave resonator with a multi-lobed chamber geometry that mimics the B-minimum magnetic field structure, featuring a three-dimensional shape and diffractive slots in the waveguides for distributed microwave injection, enhancing electromagnetic field coupling and plasma confinement.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If a cylindrical chamber with rectangular aperture coupling is used, then the device structure is simple, but the microwave power deposition is not concentrated in the plasma core and a plasma void is created along the central axis

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechamber structure simplicityVSAvoidmicrowave power deposition accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the conventional cylindrical chamber with a multi-lobed chamber geometry that breaks the cylindrical symmetry. This asymmetric design allows the microwave fields to be concentrated along the central axis, eliminating the plasma void while improving power deposition accuracy in the plasma core.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from a two-dimensional cylindrical cross-section to a three-dimensional multi-lobed structure. The multi-lobed geometry introduces additional spatial dimensions for field distribution, enabling better control over microwave power deposition patterns and achieving concentration along the central axis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Device complexity

If a rectangular waveguide aperture is used for microwave coupling, then the coupling structure is simple, but there is an intrinsic mismatch of geometry and impedance leading to poor wave-plasma coupling

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoupling structure simplicityVSAvoidwave-plasma coupling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the geometric parameters of the waveguide coupling structure by replacing the rectangular aperture with diffractive slots of specific dimensions and arrangements. These parameter changes optimize the impedance matching between the waveguide and plasma, significantly improving wave-plasma coupling efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The diffractive slots act as an intermediary structure between the rectangular waveguide and the plasma chamber. This intermediate element transforms the microwave fields in a controlled manner, enabling efficient energy transfer while maintaining compatibility with the simple waveguide structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If conventional cylindrical symmetry is maintained, then the chamber design is straightforward, but the microwave power deposition is not concentrated in the plasma core

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechamber design simplicityVSAvoidmicrowave power absorption efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces asymmetric multi-lobed geometry to break the cylindrical symmetry, which enables the microwave fields to constructively interfere along the central axis. This asymmetric design dramatically improves power absorption efficiency in the plasma core while maintaining reasonable design complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Improves the brilliance of the ion beam and plasma confinement by optimizing wave-plasma coupling and microwave power absorption within the plasma core.

Implementation Method 1

diffractive apertures for the injection of microwaves into the chamber (101)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

electrons are accelerated or decelerated in a resonant manner when the following electron cyclotron resonance condition is satisfied

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron cyclotron resonance: Resonance

Implementation Method 3

electrons moving in a magnetic field revolve around the magnetic field lines due to the Lorentz force

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLorentz force: Lorentz Force

Implementation Method 4

The electrons of the plasma are confined in a superposition of an axial component of the magnetic field and of a radial component of the magnetic field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic confinement: Magnetic Field

Data Source

PatentEP4097791B1A microwave resonator with excitation by diffractive apertures for ion sources and plasma traps
Publication Date: 2024.11.13 ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE
  • EP4097791B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4097791B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4097791B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Microwave resonator (100), comprising a chamber (101) made of metal material configured to contain a plasma, the chamber comprising a first and a second end face (101a, 101b) and extending along a central axis (z) between the first and second end face, and a microwave launching device (110) configured for injecting microwaves into the chamber. At the first end face (101a) the chamber has a cross section of multi-lobed shape that tapers toward the second end face (101b). At the second end face (101b) the chamber has a cross section having the same shape as the cross section of the first end face (101a) and rotated 180° about the central axis (z), the cross section of the second end face (101b) tapering toward the first end face (101a). At an intermediate plane, the shape of the cross section of the first end face (101a) merges with the shape of the cross section of the second end face (101b).