See how a spacer between the cooling stage and gas pot maintains cryogenic cooling efficiency w
Striped grooves on a cylindrical repeller improve arc chamber heat uniformity, suppress flakes, and help prevent short circuits.
Separate gas lines, controllers, and capillary constrictions enable real-time plasma mixing with less waste and more precise partial pressure control.
A two-material solid ion source stabilizes metal vapor generation, prevents pipe clogging, and supports higher ion beam current.