Multi-Orifice Fuel Injector for Homogeneous Diesel Combustion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional diesel combustion processes result in inhomogeneous air/fuel mixtures, leading to increased particulate matter and NOx formation, which necessitates the use of costly after-treatment devices and penalizes fuel economy due to the need for additional combustion to achieve exhaust temperature regeneration.
Innovation Solution
Direct injection of diesel fuel into engine cylinders at ultra-high pressure through multiple tiny orifices, creating high-velocity jets that mix with compressed charge air and recirculated exhaust gas, resulting in a more homogeneous combustion mixture that reduces particulate matter formation and allows for lower diluent usage, thereby minimizing the need for after-treatment devices.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If conventional diesel combustion processes are used, then engine operation is simple, but inhomogeneous air/fuel mixtures result in increased particulate matter and NOx formation requiring costly after-treatment devices
Solution Approach 1:
The fuel injection system divides the fuel stream into multiple separate jets through multiple nozzles orifices, creating discrete injection points that distribute fuel more uniformly throughout the combustion chamber. This segmentation of the fuel injection process enables better mixing with air and reduces concentrated hot spots that cause harmful emissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention applies different injection strategies to different regions of the combustion chamber by using multiple nozzles positioned at specific locations. Each nozzle creates a localized injection zone with optimized fuel-air mixing characteristics, allowing different parts of the combustion chamber to have different mixture qualities tailored to their specific combustion requirements.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If after-treatment devices are added to reduce emissions, then particulate matter and NOx levels improve, but fuel economy penalizes due to additional combustion required for regeneration
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the harmful effect of fuel injection into a beneficial mixing process by designing the injection system to create optimal fuel-air mixtures that combust more efficiently. The multiple nozzle configuration transforms potential emission problems into improved combustion efficiency, reducing the need for separate after-treatment systems and eliminating the fuel economy penalty associated with regeneration operations.
3Stability of the object's composition
If multiple tiny orifices are used in fuel injector nozzles, then high velocity jets create more homogeneous mixtures, but injection system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the physical parameters of the injection system by using multiple nozzles with specific orifice sizes and spacing arrangements. This parameter optimization creates the desired mixture homogeneity while managing the complexity through standardized nozzle designs and controlled manufacturing processes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process achieves reduced particulate matter and NOx formation, simplifies engine systems, and improves fuel economy by eliminating or reducing the complexity and cost of after-treatment devices, while maintaining engine performance.
Implementation Method 1
The nozzle contains a sufficient number of suitably sized and appropriately located orifices to inject fuel as high-velocity jets that mix with compressed charge air and recirculated exhaust gas throughout a substantial portion of the effective combustion chamber space volume
Implementation Method 2
fuel to be injected from each orifice into a compressed gas charge in the respective combustion chamber at an initial velocity of at least about 575 meters per second to create distributed air/fuel mixtures throughout a substantial portion of the effective combustion chamber space volume
Implementation Method 3
creating a compressed gas charge that has a temperature high enough to initiate and sustain combustion of diesel fuel that is subsequently injected into the compressed gas charge
Data Source
AI summary
A mixing and combustion process for a compression ignition engine (10) creates an in-cylinder compressed gas charge of air and recirculated exhaust that has a temperature high enough to initiate and sustain combustion of diesel fuel that is subsequently injected. A fuel injector (26) injects diesel fuel directly into the charge using an injection pressure that is sufficiently great to cause fuel to be injected through each of multiple orifices arranged in a geometric pattern in a nozzle (42) of the fuel injector at an initial velocity that is great enough to cause the injected fuel in moving through the compressed gas charge to creates fuel/charge mixtures throughout a substantial portion of the respective combustion chamber before the kinematics of combustion can become effective to combust more than at most a relatively small amount of the injected fuel.