Multi-Winding Transformer Circuit for EV Power Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing circuit arrangements for power distribution in electric vehicles face challenges in reducing electrical losses and costs, particularly due to the need for high voltage levels and multiple voltage supplies, which complicates energy transfer and voltage adaptation.
Innovation Solution
The proposed circuit arrangement includes multiple transformer windings connected to converters that can be switched in series or parallel, allowing for simpler unidirectional converters and reducing the necessity for separate voltage converters, with a change-over switch enabling voltage adaptation between different power supplies, and a voltage transformer for dual use in driving and charging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If high voltage levels (e.g., 400 VDC) are used for the drive supply to reduce currents and power losses, then power transmission efficiency is improved, but compatibility with standard low-voltage devices (12 VDC) deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The transformer is divided into multiple windings with different voltage ratios, allowing simultaneous provision of high voltage (400 VDC) for drive motors and low voltage (12 VDC) for auxiliary devices. Each winding serves a specific voltage level, eliminating the need for separate power supply systems and reducing overall energy losses.
Solution Approach 2:
A single transformer structure performs multiple functions by providing both high-voltage and low-voltage outputs through its different windings. This multi-functional design replaces what would traditionally require separate transformers or voltage conversion stages, improving system efficiency and reducing adaptability issues.
2Manufacturing precision
If multiple separate voltage converters are used to adapt between different power supplies (drive battery, auxiliary battery, external charging), then voltage adaptation precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple voltage conversion functions are merged into a single transformer with multiple windings. The transformer simultaneously handles voltage adaptation between the drive battery, auxiliary battery, and external charging supply, eliminating the need for separate converters and reducing overall system complexity while maintaining precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The transformer is designed as a universal power distribution unit that can adapt between different voltage levels and power sources through its multiple windings and change-over switches, replacing multiple specialized converters with a single multi-functional device.
3Adaptability or versatility
If a transformer with multiple windings and change-over switches is used for power distribution between drive battery, auxiliary battery, and external charging supply, then adaptability between different power supplies is improved, but circuit complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The transformer with multiple windings and change-over switches serves as a universal power distribution system that can handle various operating modes (charging from external supply, charging from drive battery, charging from auxiliary battery) through a single integrated structure, improving adaptability without proportionally increasing complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution simplifies circuit technology, reduces energy losses, and allows for efficient voltage adaptation between different power supplies, making it cost-effective and efficient for high-power electric vehicles.
Implementation Method 1
a transformer having at least three magnetically coupled transformer windings
Data Source
AI summary
A circuit arrangement (1) for power distribution in a motor vehicle is described, which comprises a transformer (T1, T1a . . . T1n) having at least three transformer windings (W1, W1a . . . W1n, W2, W2a . . . W2n, W3, W3a . . . W3n). A first and second on-board supply inside the vehicle and a power supply which is outside the vehicle can be connected to the circuit arrangement (1), which supplies are coupled via the transformer windings (W1, W1a . . . W1n, W2, W2a . . . W2n, W3, W3a . . . W3n) and converters (UR1, UR2, UR2a . . . UR2n, UR3, UR3a . . . UR3n). The third converter (UR3, UR3a . . . UR3n) can be connected via a first change-over switch (US1, US1′) alternatively to the first on-board supply inside the vehicle or to the power supply outside the vehicle. A plurality of first converters (UR 1) and/or a plurality of second converters (UR2, UR2a . . . UR2n) and/or a plurality of third converters (UR3, UR3a . . . UR3n) each being connected to the transformer windings (W1, W1a . . . W1n, W2, W2a . . . W2n, W3, W3a . . . W3n) can be switched in series or in parallel are provided.