Multimode Thermal Switching Heatsink with Liquid Metal

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional heatsinks have a single overall thermal conductivity, limiting their effectiveness across a wide range of temperatures and requiring expensive cooling mechanisms, such as thermoelectric coolers or fluid cooling systems.

Innovation Solution

A multimode thermal switching heatsink with a solid housing and a liquid metal drop that changes its thermal conductivity based on temperature, transitioning between low and high thermal conductivity modes by thermally deforming and altering its contact area with a heat source.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a conventional heatsink with single solid material is used, then the structure is simple and manufacturing is easy, but the thermal conductivity cannot be adjusted across wide temperature range

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal conductivity adjustment rangeVSAvoidheatsink structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a composite material system consisting of a solid housing material and a liquid metal material. These two materials with different thermal conductivities are combined in a single heatsink structure, allowing the overall thermal conductivity to vary depending on the liquid metal's state and position, thereby achieving adjustable thermal performance across temperature ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical state and volume parameters of the liquid metal based on temperature. As temperature increases, the liquid metal expands and changes volume, which alters the thermal contact area and effective thermal conductivity of the heatsink. This parameter change enables adaptive thermal management without complex control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If expensive cooling mechanisms like thermoelectric coolers are used, then heat dissipation effectiveness is improved, but cost increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipation effectivenessVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The heatsink uses the heat itself to activate the cooling mechanism. The liquid metal automatically expands and improves thermal contact in response to increased heat, creating a self-regulating system that enhances heat dissipation effectiveness without requiring external control systems or expensive active cooling components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent exploits the thermal expansion and potential phase transition behavior of liquid metal materials. As the liquid metal undergoes temperature-induced volume changes, it automatically adjusts its contact with the heat source, providing adaptive heat dissipation that rivals more expensive cooling solutions while maintaining manufacturing simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

3Productivity

If liquid metal is used to enhance thermal conductivity, then heat dissipation is improved at high temperature, but the system becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipation rateVSAvoidthermal switching mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical thermal switching mechanisms with a passive liquid metal system. Instead of using motors, sensors, or actuators to control thermal conductivity, the system relies on the inherent thermal expansion properties of liquid metal to automatically adjust thermal contact, thereby enhancing heat dissipation while minimizing mechanical complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient heat dissipation across a wide temperature range, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional cooling methods by dynamically adjusting thermal conductivity in response to temperature changes.

Implementation Method 1

the liquid has a first volume at a first thermal contact with the heat source in a first operating condition, and a second volume at a second thermal contact with the heat source in a second operating condition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 2

a liquid in thermal communication with the housing and operatively positioned adjacent to a heat source and having a second heat transfer coefficient that is greater than the first heat transfer coefficient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP4016608A1Thermal heatsink
Publication Date: 2022.06.22 JUNIPER NETWORKS INC
  • EP4016608A1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4016608A1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4016608A1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

An example heatsink is operable as a multimode thermal switching heatsink and includes a housing that has a first heat transfer coefficient. The housing has a first heat transfer coefficient. The heatsink further includes a liquid in thermal communication with the housing and operatively positioned adjacent to a heat source. The liquid has a second heat transfer coefficient, which may be greater than the first heat transfer coefficient. In a first operating condition, the liquid has a first volume at a first thermal contact with the heat source, and, in a second operating condition, the liquid has a second volume and a second thermal contact with the heat source. The second thermal contact is greater than the first thermal contact, thereby enhancing dissipation of heat from the heat source in the second operating condition.