Multiple Layer Gel for Electrochemical Reference Cell Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current electrochemical devices for measuring oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in blood and blood products require large sample volumes, have long equilibrium periods, and are not suited for routine clinical diagnostic testing due to bulkiness and complexity, making them inconvenient for rapid and accurate measurements.
Innovation Solution
A test strip system incorporating a multiple layer gel that covers the electrochemical reference cell, comprising an isolation layer to block proteins and an electrolyte layer for precise ORP measurement, allowing for rapid and convenient ORP measurement of body fluids using a small sample volume.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional electrochemical devices are used for ORP measurement, then measurement accuracy can be maintained, but sample volume required is large and equilibrium period is long
Solution Approach 1:
The device is segmented into a microfluidic chip with integrated reference cell and electrode array, separating the measurement function from bulk sample handling. This segmentation enables precise control of small sample volumes (microliter scale) while maintaining measurement accuracy through controlled microenvironment conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from conventional three-dimensional bulk electrochemical cells to a two-dimensional microfluidic planar structure. This dimensional change reduces the sample volume requirement from milliliters to microliters while maintaining sufficient ionic contact for rapid equilibrium establishment.
2Ease of operation
If conventional electrochemical devices are used, then reliable ORP measurement is achieved, but device complexity and bulkiness increase
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple functions are merged into a single integrated microfluidic chip: sample introduction, filtration, reference cell housing, electrode mounting, and measurement readout are all combined in one compact device. This merging eliminates the need for separate bulkier components while maintaining measurement reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms with a fixed microfluidic structure that inherently controls fluid flow and electrode positioning. The microfabricated channels and chambers provide precise geometric control without requiring mechanical adjustment, simplifying the overall device structure.
3Ease of repair
If conventional devices are used for ORP measurement, then adequate measurement capability is provided, but maintenance and cleaning requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The microfluidic chip is designed as a disposable single-use device, eliminating the need for cleaning and maintenance. The low cost of the microfabricated chip allows it to be discarded after one use, preventing cross-contamination and biofouling accumulation that would require complex cleaning procedures.
Solution Approach 2:
The vulnerable electrode surfaces are extracted from the main device body and integrated into the disposable microfluidic chip. This separation allows the electrodes to be disposed of with the chip, eliminating the need to clean or maintain expensive electrode assemblies.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, precise, and convenient measurement of ORP in clinical settings with reduced sample volume and simplified device maintenance, improving diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
an isolation layer to block proteins
Implementation Method 2
an electrolyte layer for precise ORP measurement
Implementation Method 3
An oxidation-reduction system, or redox system, involves the transfer of electrons from a reductant to an oxidant
Implementation Method 4
At equilibrium, the redox potential (E), or oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), is calculated according to the Nernst-Peters equation
Data Source
AI summary
A multiple layer gel and method for forming a multiple layer gel are provided. The multiple layer gel includes an isolation layer and an electrolyte layer. The isolation layer provides a molecular weight screen, to prevent proteins or other molecules from contacting a reference cell covered by the isolation layer. The electrolyte layer covers the isolation layer, and provides a source of ions that place the reference cell in ionic and/or electrical contact with a fluid sample. The multiple layer gel can be used to maintain a reliable reference voltage from an associated reference cell while an electrical potential or other electrical characteristic of a sample fluid is being determined.