Cellulose Nano Crystal Production from Paper Sludge

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Solution Overview

Problem

The paper industry faces significant environmental and economic challenges due to the disposal of paper mill waste, particularly paper sludge, which is rich in impurities and requires costly and energy-intensive processes for recycling, and the high cost of producing Nano Crystalline Cellulose (NCC) from cellulose fibers.

Innovation Solution

A process is developed to treat cellulose-containing sludge from paper production plants to recover pure cellulose with minimal impurities, using dilute acid treatment and enzymatic methods to produce NCC, allowing for the efficient separation and purification of cellulose while maintaining its crystalline structure, and subsequent recycling of acids for cost-effectiveness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional recycling processes are used to recover cellulose from paper sludge, then cellulose fibers can be reused, but the process creates deinking sludge that requires expensive and complex disposal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecellulose recoveryVSAvoiddisposal process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the harmful deinking sludge waste stream into a valuable source of nano-crystalline cellulose. By treating the sludge with acid and enzymatic processes, the invention transforms what was previously a disposal problem into a high-value product, eliminating the need for complex sludge disposal infrastructure while creating economic value from the waste material.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts nano-crystalline cellulose directly from the sludge matrix through acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment, separating the valuable cellulose component from the impurities. This extraction approach bypasses the conventional recycling pathway that leads to sludge accumulation, directly obtaining the desired product while leaving behind a simplified waste stream.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Manufacturing precision

If high-purity cellulose is produced from paper sludge through conventional methods, then product quality is improved, but production costs increase due to extensive purification requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecellulose purityVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical parameters of the sludge through controlled acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment, transforming the complex sludge matrix into purified nano-crystalline cellulose. By adjusting pH, temperature, and treatment time parameters, the process achieves high purity cellulose extraction without requiring multiple sequential purification steps, thereby reducing overall production costs while maintaining product quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Quantity of substance

If Nano Crystalline Cellulose is produced from cellulose fibers, then high-value product is obtained, but production costs increase due to high energy requirements for converting large fibers to nano-scale

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNCC productionVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention performs preliminary acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment on the sludge to break down the cellulose into smaller crystalline structures before the final nano-crystallization step. This preliminary action reduces the size and complexity of the cellulose fibers in advance, significantly lowering the energy requirements for the subsequent nano-scale conversion process while maintaining high NCC yield.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces high-energy mechanical grinding and milling processes with chemical and enzymatic methods for achieving nano-scale cellulose crystallization. By using acid hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation instead of mechanical force, the process dramatically reduces energy consumption while producing the same nano-crystalline product.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Ease of operation

If paper sludge is disposed of in landfills, then disposal is simple, but environmental damage increases and valuable resources are lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedisposal simplicityVSAvoidenvironmental impact
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention transforms the environmentally harmful paper sludge waste stream into a valuable source of nano-crystalline cellulose through acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment. This conversion eliminates landfill disposal needs entirely, preventing environmental contamination while creating a high-value renewable material that can be used in various applications, thereby addressing both environmental and economic concerns simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This process enables the production of high-purity cellulose and NCC from paper mill waste, reducing environmental impact and production costs, and allows for the recovery of valuable components like calcium carbonate and kaolin, offering new applications in materials science and environmental sustainability.

Implementation Method 1

treating the sludge under conditions permitting dissolution of non-cellulose material and suspension of the cellulose

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDissolution:

Implementation Method 2

enzymatic methods to produce NCC

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnzymatic degradation: Enzyme

Implementation Method 3

treating the sludge under conditions permitting dissolution of non-cellulose material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrolysis: Hydrolysis

Data Source

PatentUS9464142B2Method for production of cellulose nano crystals from cellulose-containing waste material
Publication Date: 2016.10.11 YISSUM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT COMPANY OF THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM LTD

AI summary

A process is disclosed for recovering pure cellulose from a cellulose-containing sludge, the process comprising treating a sludge cellulose source under conditions permitting dissolution of non-cellulose material and suspension of the cellulose, wherein said dissolution conditions do not alter cellulose morphology.