Neural Network Parameter Bit Shifting for Low-Bit Quantization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Neural networks consume significant power, and designing dedicated low bit-width hardware is challenging and expensive, while existing solutions for simulating low bit-width quantization introduce noise and have exponential configuration spaces.

Innovation Solution

Simulate low bit-width quantization by bit-shifting neural network parameters and adjusting quantization scales to ensure the least significant bits are always zero, applicable to existing hardware without explicit support for low bit-width quantization.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If neural networks use low bit-width quantization to reduce power consumption, then power consumption decreases, but hardware complexity and manufacturing cost increase due to the need for dedicated low bit-width hardware

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidhardware complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent simulates low bit-width quantization effects on standard bit-width hardware by copying the mathematical behavior of low bit-width operations. Instead of using actual low bit-width hardware, the invention uses software-based bit-shifting operations that replicate the power-saving effects of low bit-width quantization while running on conventional hardware, thus avoiding the need for specialized hardware design and manufacturing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter representation by bit-shifting neural network parameters so that least significant bits are always zero. This parameter transformation allows standard hardware to emulate low bit-width quantization behavior, achieving power consumption reduction without requiring actual hardware parameter changes or specialized low bit-width processors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Use of energy by moving object

If existing solutions for simulating low bit-width quantization are used, then power consumption reduces, but noise is introduced and the configuration space becomes exponential

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidnoise introduction
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes through bit-shifting operations that systematically set least significant bits to zero, creating a structured approach to simulating low bit-width quantization. This method avoids the exponential configuration space of existing solutions by using a simple, deterministic bit-shifting rule rather than complex quantization configurations, thereby reducing noise and improving reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts only the essential power-saving mechanism from low bit-width quantization - the effect of having trailing zero bits - and applies it independently through bit-shifting operations. By separating this key benefit from the complex quantization process, the invention avoids introducing the noise and complexity associated with full quantization schemes while still achieving power consumption reduction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentEP4500396B1Simulated low bit-width quantization using bit shifted neural network parameters
Publication Date: 2026.03.11 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP4500396B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4500396B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP4500396B1 patent drawingFigure 2D

AI summary

A processor-implemented method includes bit shifting a binary representation of a neural network parameter. The neural network parameter has fewer bits, b, than a number of hardware bits, B, supported by hardware that processes the neural network parameter. The bit shifting effectively multiplies the neural network parameter by 2 B-b . The method also includes dividing a quantization scale by 2 B-b to obtain an updated quantization scale. The method further includes quantizing the bit shifted binary representation with the updated quantization scale to obtain a value for the neural network parameter.