Frequency-Independent Nonreciprocal Network Circuit via Time-Domain Multiplexing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing nonreciprocal network circuits are frequency-dependent and limited in bandwidth, with limited reconfigurability and scalability, particularly in achieving multi-port nonreciprocity, which hampers their application in advanced RF and microwave systems.
Innovation Solution
A 2N-port non-reciprocal network circuit framework utilizing an array of dispersionless delay lines and switches, allowing for frequency-independent operation by time-domain multiplexing and de-multiplexing signals across multiple ports, enabling broad programmability and scalability without compromising symmetry or increasing component count.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional magnetic biasing or temporal modulation is used to achieve non-reciprocity, then nonreciprocal performance is obtained, but the bandwidth is limited and frequency-dependent
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs time-varying switching of reactive elements (capacitors and inductors) to create dynamic non-reciprocity. By periodically modulating the impedance elements at a frequency different from the signal frequency, the system achieves frequency-independent nonreciprocal behavior across a wide bandwidth, resolving the contradiction between maintaining nonreciprocal performance and expanding operational bandwidth.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the operating parameters by using switching frequencies that are distinct from the signal frequency. This parameter separation allows the nonreciprocal effect to manifest across a broad frequency range without being constrained by resonant conditions, thereby achieving both reliable nonreciprocal performance and wide bandwidth adaptability.
2Adaptability or versatility
If more ports are added to achieve multi-port nonreciprocity, then application versatility is improved, but device complexity and component count increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal nonreciprocal network framework where a single configuration of switching elements and reactive components can support multiple port operations. The time-varying impedance modulation mechanism remains the same regardless of the number of ports, allowing the system to achieve multi-port nonreciprocity without proportionally increasing complexity. The same switching principle applies to each port, creating a scalable universal solution.
Solution Approach 2:
The network is segmented into modular units of switching elements and reactive components that can be systematically arranged to create different port configurations. This segmentation allows the complex multi-port system to be built from simpler repeating units, managing device complexity through modular architecture while maintaining versatility.
3Adaptability or versatility
If reconfigurable nonreciprocity is implemented, then adaptability is improved, but the number of accessible circulation sequences is limited by topology
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses dynamic switching of reactive elements to enable reconfiguration of circulation sequences. By controlling the timing and sequence of impedance modulations at different ports, the system can dynamically alter the nonreciprocal circulation paths without changing the physical topology. This dynamic control overcomes the limitations of fixed topological constraints while maintaining reconfigurability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs periodic modulation of impedance elements at switching frequencies to create controllable circulation patterns. By varying the phase and frequency relationships between modulations at different ports, multiple circulation sequences become accessible through periodic action, expanding reconfigurability beyond what static topology would allow.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus includes parallel delay lines, each exhibiting a delay; a first set of switches for each port of a first set of ports, each of which is to selectively couple a port of the first set of ports to first ends of the delay lines; a second set of switches for each port of a second set of ports, each of which to selectively couple a port of the second set of ports to second ends of the delay lines. A signal source generates a series of clock signals that are sequentially time delayed between the first set of switches and the second set of switches, where an input signal at one of the first or second sets of ports travels back and forth across the first and second sets of delay lines according to activation of the first set and second set of switches until being output.