Non-volatile Memory Continuous Scanning Time-Domain Sensing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing non-volatile memory technologies face challenges in achieving high capacity and performance, particularly in sensing operations, as the increase in storage density leads to longer sensing times due to the need for multiple read levels and corrections for perturbations from neighboring storage elements, resulting in inefficiencies and increased setup times.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of continuous scanning time-domain sensing, where a predetermined input sensing voltage is applied to the word line as an increasing function of time, allowing all thresholds of memory cells to be scanned in one sweep, and the conducting times of individual cells are used to derive their threshold voltages, reducing sensing time and improving performance regardless of the number of levels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If multiple read levels and corrections for perturbations from neighboring storage elements are used to increase storage density, then storage capacity is improved, but sensing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage capacityVSAvoidsensing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the sensing operation from a voltage-domain multi-level comparison approach to a time-domain measurement approach. By applying a ramp voltage and measuring the time at which each cell transitions to conduction, the system encodes multiple threshold levels along the time dimension rather than requiring multiple sequential voltage comparisons. This dimensional transformation allows simultaneous sensing of multiple levels without increasing sensing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the conventional voltage-threshold comparison mechanism with a time-domain measurement mechanism. Instead of applying fixed voltages and comparing currents against reference levels, the system uses a time-varying ramp voltage and measures conduction transition times. This substitution eliminates the need for multiple read levels and perturbation corrections, resolving the trade-off between storage capacity and sensing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If multiple read levels are applied to sense multi-level memory cells, then measurement precision is improved, but duration of action increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethreshold sensing precisionVSAvoidsensing operation duration
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent moves the measurement from voltage domain to time domain. Instead of determining threshold levels by comparing currents at fixed voltages, the system applies a ramp voltage and measures the time at which each cell begins to conduct. This time-domain measurement provides precise threshold differentiation in a single operation, eliminating the need for multiple sequential read levels while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a continuous ramp voltage applied to the word line that monotonically increases over time. This continuous voltage sweep allows all memory cells to be sensed simultaneously as they transition through their threshold voltages, rather than requiring discrete, sequential voltage steps. The continuous action maintains measurement precision while minimizing the total sensing duration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

3Reliability

If corrections for perturbations from neighboring storage elements are performed, then reliability is improved, but productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensing accuracyVSAvoidsensing speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the correction-based approach with a fundamental measurement paradigm change. Instead of measuring at fixed voltages and then correcting for neighboring cell perturbations, the system uses time-domain measurement with a ramp voltage. The conduction transition time directly indicates the threshold voltage, and the method inherently accounts for perturbations by measuring the actual transition point rather than relying on reference comparisons that require correction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The time-domain sensing method is self-correcting in that it directly measures the threshold voltage through the conduction transition time without requiring separate correction steps. The measurement process itself captures the actual operating conditions including any perturbations, eliminating the need for additional correction operations that would reduce productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP2370976B1Non-volatile memory and method with continuous scanning time-domain sensing
Publication Date: 2014.05.21 SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES LLC
  • EP2370976B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2370976B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2370976B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A page of non-volatile multi-level memory cells on a word line is sensed in parallel by sense amps via bit lines. A predetermined input sensing voltage as an increasing function of time applied to the word line allows scanning of the entire range of thresholds of the memory cell in one sweep. Sensing of the thresholds of individual cells is then reduced to a time-domain sensing by noting the times the individual cells become conducting. Each conducting time, adjusted for delays in the word line and the bit line, can be used to derive the sensing voltage level that developed at the word line local to the cell when the cell became conducting. The locally developed sensing voltage level yields the threshold of the cell. This time-domain sensing is relative insensitive to the number of levels of a multi-level memory and therefore resolve many levels rapidly in one sweep.