Wireless Power Transfer System with NQR Biological Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Wireless charging systems for vehicles generate high-power magnetic fields that pose safety hazards to humans and animals, necessitating measures to prevent harmful exposure to non-ionizing radiation.
Innovation Solution
A wireless power transfer system that includes emitting coils to excite nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) in biological materials and detecting coils to monitor absorption/emission of electromagnetic radiation, which triggers the reduction or cessation of the primary coil's oscillating electromagnetic field when NQR is detected.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If high-power magnetic fields are generated by primary coils for rapid battery charging, then charging speed is improved, but safety hazard to humans and animals increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary detection of biological material in the charging zone before activating the primary coils for high-power charging. The emitting coils generate electromagnetic fields to excite NQR in biological materials, and detecting coils scan for the presence of animals or humans. Only after confirming the zone is safe does the system proceed to rapid charging, thus preventing harmful exposure while maintaining charging speed when safe.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors the charging zone during operation using the emitting and detecting coils. When biological material is detected through NQR signals, the system provides feedback to immediately reduce or shut off the primary coils' electromagnetic field generation. This real-time feedback mechanism ensures safety while allowing high-power charging to proceed when no biological material is present.
2Reliability
If safety measures are added to detect biological material, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The emitting coils, which generate electromagnetic fields for NQR excitation, serve dual purposes: they create the excitation field and their impedance changes provide detection information. The detecting coils are integrated into the existing wireless power transfer system architecture, performing both power transfer monitoring and biological material detection. This multi-functionality reduces the need for entirely separate detection systems, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity while improving safety.
3Measurement precision
If NQR detection is used to detect biological material, then detection precision is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The emitting coils perform periodic scanning at specific frequencies to detect NQR signals from biological materials, rather than continuous operation. The detection process involves pulsed electromagnetic field generation followed by signal detection windows, allowing the system to achieve high detection precision while minimizing energy consumption by operating intermittently rather than continuously.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively prevents exposure to harmful non-ionizing radiation by selectively detecting biological materials and reducing the oscillating electromagnetic field, offering improved safety and compliance with safety regulations.
Implementation Method 1
one or more emitting coils arranged to generate an electromagnetic field for exciting a nuclear quadrupole resonance in the biological material of an animal exposed to the electromagnetic field generated by the one or more emitting coils
Implementation Method 2
one or more detecting coils for detecting the absorption and/or emission of electromagnetic radiation by and/or from the excitation of the nuclear quadrupole resonance
Implementation Method 3
one or more primary coils for generating an oscillating electromagnetic field for wirelessly transferring power to one or more secondary coils
Data Source
AI summary
A wireless power transfer system (1) includes a primary coil (2) for generating an oscillating electromagnetic field for wirelessly transferring power to a secondary coil. The system also includes emitting coils (6) arranged to generate an electromagnetic field for exciting a nuclear quadrupole resonance in the biological material of an animal (7) exposed to the electromagnetic field generated by the emitting coils. The system also includes detecting coils (6) for detecting the absorption and/or emission of electromagnetic radiation by and/or from the excitation of the nuclear quadrupole resonance. The system is arranged, when the detecting coils detect the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation, to prevent the primary coil from generating, or to cause the primary coil to reduce the amplitude of, the oscillating electromagnetic field.