O-ring Surface Defect Detection Using Dual-Wavelength LED Illumination

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing optical detection systems for surface defects on O-rings, particularly those with reflective surfaces, face challenges in clearly highlighting defects due to uniform illumination, which can lead to missed shadow formations and false negatives.

Innovation Solution

The use of two monochromatic light sources of different wavelengths (red and green LEDs) illuminating the O-ring from distinct directions, combined with color video detection means, allows for effective color separation and enhanced defect recognition by minimizing color band overlap and leveraging the sensitivity of color video cameras.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If monochromatic light sources of different wavelengths are used to illuminate the O-ring from distinct directions, then defect recognition capability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect recognition capabilityVSAvoidillumination system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The illumination system is segmented into multiple independent light sources, each emitting monochromatic light of different wavelengths (e.g., blue, green, red) from distinct directions. This segmentation allows each light source to be optimized for specific defect types while maintaining overall system functionality through modular configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the wavelength parameter of light sources to improve defect detection. By using monochromatic lights of different wavelengths (blue ~450nm, green ~550nm, red ~650nm), the system exploits wavelength-dependent reflection and absorption characteristics of defects to enhance recognition capability beyond what single-wavelength systems achieve.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Stability of the object's composition

If uniform illumination is used to illuminate the O-ring, then illumination homogeneity is improved, but defect shadow formation is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveillumination uniformityVSAvoiddefect shadow visibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of uniform illumination, the system applies local quality variation by positioning light sources at specific angles and using monochromatic wavelengths that interact differently with defect surfaces. This creates localized shadow effects and contrast variations that highlight defects while maintaining overall illumination coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The system exploits color changes in reflected light to detect defects. Different wavelengths reflect differently from defect surfaces versus healthy O-ring material, creating color contrast that enhances defect visibility. The color video detection means captures these wavelength-dependent color variations for defect identification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly improves the detection of surface imperfections by 20% compared to single-color illumination systems, reducing false negatives and providing clearer visualization of defects through color variations, especially on complex toroidal shapes like O-rings.

Implementation Method 1

a lower part comprising a diffusing dome and a plurality of red LEDs, producing the first red light radiation, illuminating the dome in a manner such as to reflect the first light radiation onto the O-ring along the perimeter surfaces thereof

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight Emitting Diode: Light Emitting Diode

Implementation Method 2

an upper part comprising a flat surface and a plurality of green LEDs, producing the second green light radiation, illuminating said flat surface, in a manner such as to reflect the second light radiation perpendicular with respect to the plane on which the O-ring lies

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight Emitting Diode: Light Emitting Diode

Implementation Method 3

optical detection means to film the O-ring to be inspected and to detect variations in colour

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectColor detection:

Data Source

PatentEP2280270B1Optical detection system of surface defects of an O-ring.
Publication Date: 2015.09.02 UTPVISION SRL
  • EP2280270B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2280270B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

An optical detection device of surface defects for detecting a surface or parting line imperfection of an O-ring (1) comprising a first green light source (2) directed at the object to be inspected (1) according to a first direction and a second red light source (3) directed at said object to be inspected (1) according to a second direction distinct from said first direction and colour video camera (6) adapted to film said O-ring to be inspected and to detect, directly or indirectly, the intensity of the chromatic components of the colours emitted by said light sources.