Heteroatom Compound in OLED Charge Generation Layer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Tandem organic light-emitting diodes face challenges with high driving voltage and reduced lifetime due to difficulties in electron injection caused by energy level differences between n-type and p-type charge generation layers, and alkali metal diffusion leading to leakage current.

Innovation Solution

A compound with heteroatoms, particularly nitrogen, is used in the n-type charge generation layer, forming chemical bonds with alkali metals to minimize diffusion and enhance conductive characteristics, thereby improving electron injection and reducing driving voltage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If an n-type charge generation layer doped with alkali metal is used, then electron injection is improved, but alkali metal diffuses into the p-type charge generation layer causing leakage current and reduced lifetime

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice lifetimeVSAvoidleakage current
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a barrier layer positioned between the n-type charge generation layer (containing alkali metal) and the p-type charge generation layer. This barrier layer acts as an intermediary that prevents alkali metal diffusion into the p-type layer while maintaining electrical functionality, thereby eliminating leakage current without sacrificing electron injection performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts the harmful alkali metal from the n-type charge generation layer by transferring it to a separate alkali metal layer positioned on the cathode side. This separation removes the source of leakage current while preserving the necessary charge generation functionality through the remaining n-type layer

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Quantity of substance

If the energy level difference between n-type and p-type charge generation layers is increased, then charge generation at the interface is improved, but electron injection into the n-type layer becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharge generationVSAvoidelectron injection efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the energy level parameters of the charge generation layers by carefully selecting materials with appropriate HOMO and LUMO levels. The n-type layer is designed with specific energy levels that facilitate electron injection from the electron transporting layer, while the p-type layer is configured to generate sufficient charges at the interface, achieving both objectives through parameter optimization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The compound reduces driving voltage and increases the lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes by optimizing electron injection and minimizing alkali metal diffusion, leading to higher emission efficiency and stability.

Implementation Method 1

A compound with heteroatoms, particularly nitrogen, is used in the n-type charge generation layer, forming chemical bonds with alkali metals to minimize diffusion and enhance conductive characteristics

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical bonding: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

An OLED is a device that uses organic materials to convert electrical energy into light energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectroluminescence: Electroluminescence

Data Source

PatentEP2927978B1Organic light-emitting diode
Publication Date: 2020.03.18 LG DISPLAY CO LTD
  • EP2927978B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2927978B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2927978B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Organic light emitting diode is disclosed. There is an organic light-emitting diode comprising at least one light-emitting part between an anode and a cathode, the at least one light-emitting part having at least one organic layer and an emissive layer, the at least one organic layer being composed of a compound having one or more heteroatoms, and the compound having an energy level due to the heteroatoms and conductive characteristics due to the energy level.