Optical Detection of Media in Two Layers with Optical Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing miniaturized analysis systems for liquid detection in diagnostic applications face challenges in accurate liquid dosing due to the need for precise liquid tracking, which is often hindered by optical separation issues and scattered light, especially when dealing with channels filled with air or inert gases.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing a microfluidic structure with two optically coupled layers, where a light beam is kept in the first layer by total internal reflection and switched to the second layer when the refractive index changes, allowing for precise liquid detection and bubble identification by deflection of the light beam.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If optical components are integrated into the analyzer for liquid detection, then measurement capability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies this principle by integrating the optical detection components directly into the disposable insert rather than the analyzer. The insert becomes the optical measurement device with light sources and detectors built-in, eliminating the need for complex integrated optical components in the analyzer while maintaining measurement capability. This reduces device complexity and cost.
2Measurement precision
If optical separation is used in the measuring area, then liquid tracking is enabled, but scattered light effects increase measurement errors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the optical separation function from the measuring area by using a distinct optical separation layer positioned away from the measurement region. This allows liquid tracking through refractive index changes in the channel while eliminating scattered light effects in the measuring area where the light beam actually interacts with the liquid.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the optical path into distinct regions: a first path through the optical separation layer for reference measurements and a second path through the liquid-filled channel for liquid detection. This segmentation allows the harmful scattered light effects to be isolated from the measurement area, improving measurement precision.
3Measurement precision
If discrete components are placed at monitoring points for liquid detection, then liquid tracking is achieved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the optical detection components (light sources and detectors) directly into the insert structure at the monitoring points. This integration eliminates the need for separate discrete components placed at each monitoring location, reducing device complexity while maintaining accurate liquid level detection through the optical path.
4Measurement precision
If optical fibers are used for measurements, then liquid tracking is enabled, but coupling complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical optical fiber coupling system with a direct optical integration approach. The light sources and detectors are embedded directly in the insert at the monitoring points, eliminating the need for complex optical fiber coupling mechanisms while enabling precise liquid front detection through the integrated optical path.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise liquid dosing and detection, minimizing scattered light effects, and allows for flexible integration into disposable inserts, with the ability to detect refractive index changes and generate signals when a liquid front reaches a discrete path section, suitable for diagnostic and lab-on-a-chip applications.
Implementation Method 1
a light beam is kept in the first layer by total internal reflection and switched to the second layer when the refractive index changes
Implementation Method 2
the refractive index in the measuring area changes due to the incoming second medium, so that the conditions for total internal reflection are no longer met, and the light beam is directed into the second layer
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a system for optically detecting liquids, comprising an insert having two contiguous layers (1, 2), wherein the first layer (1) and the second layer (2) are substantially optically separated (4) and are optically coupled only in the measuring region (3), wherein at least one microfluidic structure for conducting liquids is situated in the measuring region (3), wherein a light beam can be injected into the first layer (1) and is held by total internal reflection, and wherein the second layer (2) is transparent to the injected light beam.