Optical Mirror Alignment via Actuated Support and Sensor Feedback

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Solution Overview

Problem

Optical telescopes, especially those in space, face misalignment issues due to vibrations, accelerations, and environmental changes, which are costly and difficult to correct, and traditional rigid supports increase weight and cost.

Innovation Solution

An optical apparatus with a first mirror, a second mirror, and supports that include actuators to adjust the second mirror's position, using light sources and alignment sensors to detect and correct misalignment, allowing for lighter supports and automatic re-alignment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If extremely rigid supports are used to fix optical elements into position, then misalignment is prevented, but weight of the telescope increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment stabilityVSAvoidtelescope weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces static rigid supports with dynamic adjustable supports incorporating actuators. These actuators enable real-time adjustment of mirror positions to compensate for misalignment caused by vibrations, accelerations, and environmental changes, thereby maintaining alignment stability without requiring heavy rigid structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs alignment sensors to detect the positions of optical elements and provides feedback to a control system. This feedback loop enables automatic adjustment of mirror positions via actuators, ensuring continuous maintenance of proper alignment without heavy mechanical supports.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If manual re-alignment is performed in space, then optimal alignment can be restored, but cost and difficulty increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment accuracyVSAvoidre-alignment cost and difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a self-aligning system where the telescope automatically detects and corrects its own misalignment. Alignment sensors monitor the positions of optical elements, and actuators automatically adjust mirror positions to restore optimal alignment, eliminating the need for costly and difficult manual intervention in space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces manual mechanical adjustment with an automated electromechanical system. Sensors and actuators work together to automatically correct alignment issues, substituting the need for human operators to perform complex manual re-alignment operations in the space environment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Weight of moving object

If lighter support structures are used, then launch cost is reduced, but misalignment occurs more frequently

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetelescope weightVSAvoidalignment stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs dynamic adjustable supports with actuators that can actively compensate for misalignment. This allows the use of lighter support structures while maintaining alignment stability through real-time positional adjustment of optical elements in response to environmental disturbances.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces heavy passive mechanical rigidification with active lightweight electromechanical adjustment systems. Sensors detect alignment deviations and actuators correct them, allowing light-weight supports to maintain alignment stability that would otherwise require heavy rigid structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables automatic and precise adjustment of the second mirror relative to the first mirror, reducing misalignment and weight, while maintaining optimal alignment without the need for heavy rigid supports, thus optimizing performance and reducing launch costs.

Implementation Method 1

at least one corresponding alignment sensor for detecting the beam of light reflected from said second mirror

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentUS8455804B2Apparatus for adjusting optical mirrors
Publication Date: 2013.06.04 UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
  • US8455804B2 patent drawing
  • US8455804B2 patent drawing
  • US8455804B2 patent drawing

AI summary

An optical apparatus comprising a first mirror (12), a second mirror (14), and at least one support (30) for holding the second mirror in substantially a predetermined position relative to said first mirror (12), wherein said at least one support (30) comprises at least one actuator (32) arranged to adjust the position of the second mirror (14), and said optical apparatus further comprises at least one light source (40a-40-c) rigidly fixed to the first mirror (12) in a predetermined orientation for providing a beam of light (42a-42c) directed at said second mirror (14), at least one corresponding alignment sensor (46a-46c) for detecting the beam of light (44a-44c) reflected from said second mirror (14), and arranged to provide an output signal indicative of the position of the incident reflected beam, and a controller (50) arranged to receive said output signal, and to thereby control said actuator (32) to adjust the position of the second mirror (14).