Passive Integrator Circuit Using Charge Transfer to Cut Noise
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing signal integrator architectures in electronics require operational amplifiers, leading to high power consumption and noise introduction, which is inefficient and undesirable.
Innovation Solution
A passive integrator circuit utilizing n-type or p-type diodes and transistors with charge storage elements, where diodes are reset and used to sample input signals, transferring charges to capacitors to minimize noise and reduce power usage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If active circuits with operational amplifiers are used for signal integration, then integration function is achieved, but power consumption increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the operational amplifier from the integrator circuit, extracting the active amplifying element that causes power consumption and noise problems. The integrator is redesigned to function without any active amplifiers, using only passive components (resistors, capacitors, and switches) to achieve the integration function through charge transfer mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the electronic active amplification mechanism with a passive charge transfer mechanism. Instead of using an operational amplifier to perform integration mathematically, the circuit uses physical charge transfer between capacitors through controlled switches, substituting an active electronic process with a passive electromechanical-like process.
2Reliability
If active circuits with operational amplifiers are used for signal integration, then integration function is achieved, but noise components are introduced into the integrated signal
Solution Approach 1:
The operational amplifier is completely removed from the circuit, eliminating the primary source of noise generation. The patent achieves noise-free integration by relying on passive charge transfer between capacitors, which does not introduce the thermal and shot noise that active amplifiers inherently generate.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses simple, passive components (resistors, capacitors, switches) that are inherently low-noise and consume no power when idle. These basic components replace the complex, power-hungry operational amplifier, achieving the integration function with simpler, quieter elements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The passive integrator design significantly reduces power consumption and noise, offering a cost- and time-efficient method for signal integration by eliminating the need for continuous operational amplifier operation.
Implementation Method 1
n-type or p-type diodes and transistors with charge storage elements
Implementation Method 2
The charge residue stored in the diode is transferred to the capacitor to generate an integrated signal
Data Source
AI summary
In accordance with an embodiment, a passive integrator includes a charge storage element coupled between first and second transistors, wherein the first transistor has a current carrying electrode coupled for receiving a signal and a current carrying electrode coupled to the charge storage element. The second transistor has a current carrying electrode coupled to the charge storage element and a second current carrying electrode coupled to another charge storage element.