Circuit-Integrated Patch Antenna With Stub Capacitance for Wider Bandwidth
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional circuit-integrated antennas have low directivity and radiation efficiency, making it difficult to secure bandwidth and increase transmission speed, and wide-band designs often require larger element sizes and complex configurations.
Innovation Solution
A circuit-integrated antenna with a patch conductor, feeder line, slits, and stub conductors on a substrate, where the stub conductors surround the patch conductor with a gap, enhancing electric capacity and allowing for adjustable impedance matching to improve bandwidth and gain.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If a conventional patch antenna or slot antenna is used, then the antenna structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the bandwidth is narrow due to resonance phenomenon
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple resonant elements (first resonant element, second resonant element, third resonant element, and fourth resonant element) that are arranged in specific patterns. Each element contributes to different frequency ranges, allowing the antenna to operate across a wide bandwidth while maintaining a simple planar structure that is easy to manufacture using conventional PCB techniques.
Solution Approach 2:
Multiple resonant elements with different electrical lengths and configurations are merged into a single antenna structure. The first and second resonant elements have different lengths than the third and fourth resonant elements, creating overlapping resonance frequencies that combine to form a wide operational bandwidth while keeping the overall structure integrated and manufacturable.
2Adaptability or versatility
If a Vivaldi antenna with wide band and high directivity is used, then the bandwidth and directivity are improved, but the antenna size becomes large and requires multi-layering
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a single large Vivaldi antenna structure, the design segments the antenna into multiple smaller resonant elements arranged in a compact planar configuration. This segmentation allows wide bandwidth operation through multiple resonances while keeping the overall antenna footprint small and suitable for single-chip mounting.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna design transitions from the exponential expansion required by Vivaldi antennas to a compact planar arrangement of resonant elements. By utilizing different spatial arrangements and orientations of the resonant elements rather than exponential growth in one dimension, the design achieves wide bandwidth in a compact two-dimensional footprint.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the antenna element size is increased to achieve wide band, then the bandwidth is improved, but the device size increases and array arrangement becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The wide bandwidth capability is achieved by segmenting the antenna into multiple smaller resonant elements rather than using a single large element. Each resonant element is compact in size, but their combined resonance characteristics across different frequencies provide wide bandwidth operation, enabling easy array arrangement for beam forming applications.
Solution Approach 2:
The design utilizes parameter variations among the resonant elements (different lengths, orientations, and positions) to achieve wide bandwidth without increasing individual element size. By changing the electrical parameters of multiple small elements rather than enlarging a single element, the antenna achieves wide bandwidth while maintaining compact dimensions suitable for array configurations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves reduced antenna size, increased directivity and gain, and widened radiation characteristics, enabling longer transmission distances and higher data rates in wireless communication systems.
Implementation Method 1
a pair of stub conductors 13A and 13B which are formed on the surface P of the substrate B and are provided so as to protrude from both sides of the feeder line 11, wherein the pair of stub conductors 13A and 13B are symmetrically disposed to have the feeder line 11 between the pair of stub conductors 13A and 13B so as to surround an outer periphery of the patch conductor 12 and be spaced from the patch conductor 12 with a first gap 14 positioned between the pair of stub conductors 13A and 13B and the patch conductor 12
Implementation Method 2
a patch conductor which is formed on a surface of a substrate and radiates a fed electromagnetic field
Implementation Method 3
The operating principles of these antennas are basically similar to those of a dipole antenna, and an electric field is radiated by forming standing wave distributions of voltage and current on an antenna conductor pattern
Data Source
AI summary
Stub conductors are disposed so as to surround an outer periphery of a patch conductor and be spaced from the patch conductor with a gap positioned between the stub conductors and the patch conductor.