Voids, air bubbles, or dopants tune dielectric permittivity in a patch antenna array to widen bandwidth while preserving mechanical stability.
A 2×2 polygonal patch array with corner notches lets one frequency selective surface pass both 5G and 6G signals while lowering manufacturing cost.
A segmented metal-mesh transparent antenna uses capacitive and tuning segments to match CP bandwidths while preserving transparency.
Embedded MTM-EBG unit cells let a low-profile patch antenna switch resonance across GPS L1, L2, and L5 bands without added size.
A stacked PCB antenna uses through-hole coupling between radiators to remove the radome, cutting size and cost while preserving gain and bandwidth.