Transdermal Patch Ion-Pair Melting Point Depression

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional drug patches for risperidone have insufficient skin absorbability due to the barrier function of the skin's horny layer, and existing methods to enhance permeability have not achieved sufficient therapeutic efficacy.

Innovation Solution

A patch comprising a drug, a melting point lowering agent, and an adhesive base, where the melting point lowering agent, such as acetic acid or sodium acetate, forms an ion-pair with the drug to lower its melting point by 60° C or more, improving skin absorbability and stability, and further enhanced with absorption enhancers like lauric acid diethanolamide and propylene glycol monolaurate.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If risperidone is blended in a conventional patch adhesive layer, then the patch structure is simple, but the skin absorbability is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepatch structure simplicityVSAvoidskin absorbability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the adhesive layer by incorporating skin permeation enhancers (fatty acids, solvents) and later ionic liquids, which fundamentally alter the layer's properties to enable sufficient drug permeation through the horny layer while maintaining patch structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite adhesive layer composition combining the adhesive base with skin permeation enhancers (fatty acids, solvents) and subsequently with ionic liquids, forming a multi-functional composite material that simultaneously provides adhesion and enhanced drug permeation capabilities

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If a skin permeation enhancer such as fatty acids or solvent such as propylene glycol is added to increase skin absorbability, then the skin absorbability is improved, but the patch composition complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveskin absorbabilityVSAvoidpatch composition complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the functions of multiple components (adhesive base, skin permeation enhancers, ionic liquids) into a unified adhesive layer composition, where the ionic liquid serves both as a permeation enhancer and a functional additive, reducing the need for separate components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If an ionic liquid is formed between an ionic drug and counter ion to enhance skin absorbability, then the skin absorbability is improved, but the melting point control and formulation stability become more difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveskin absorbabilityVSAvoidformulation stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent systematically adjusts the molecular structure of ionic liquids (selecting different counter ions like lidocaine, lidocaine hydrochloride, benzocaine) to control the melting point within a specific range (below room temperature or slightly above) and optimizes the drug-to-counter ion ratio to achieve both enhanced permeation and formulation stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The patch achieves significantly improved skin absorbability and sustainability of drug efficacy, allowing for effective transdermal administration of risperidone without digestive or hepatic metabolism, simplifying administration and improving compliance in schizophrenia patients.

Implementation Method 1

the melting point lowering agent, such as acetic acid or sodium acetate, forms an ion-pair with the drug to lower its melting point by 60° C or more

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon-pair formation: Ion Repulsion/Attraction

Implementation Method 2

lowering agent to lower the melting point of the drug in an adhesive layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting point depression: Melting

Implementation Method 3

to increase the skin absorbability of risperidone in a percutaneous administration method using a patch

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPercutaneous absorption: Permeation

Data Source

PatentUS7744918B2Drug-containing patch
Publication Date: 2010.06.29 HISAMITSU PHARM CO INC

AI summary

The problem of the invention is to provide a drug-containing patch which is very favorable in percutaneous absorbability and is excellent in sustainability of the drug efficacy, that is, the drug-containing patch having a sufficient percutaneous absorbability and effect sustainability in a degree to be actually used for therapy of patients. The problem is solved by a patch comprising a drug, a melting point lowering agent and an adhesive base.