Phase-Mode RQL Logic Gate with Integrated SFQ Inversion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional digital logic circuits, such as CMOS technology, face limitations in performance, power dissipation, computational density, and interconnect bandwidth, prompting the need for alternative technologies like superconducting Josephson junction-based circuits for enhanced speed and efficiency.

Innovation Solution

The development of a reciprocal quantum logic (RQL) gate circuit with a phase mode logic (PML) inverter, which integrates a Josephson transmission line for amplification and combines input logic and output inversion into a single cell, using storage loops and bias signals to determine logic values and propagate signals efficiently.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If conventional CMOS technology is used, then manufacturing maturity is maintained, but performance in speed, power dissipation, and computational density is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata rateVSAvoidcircuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the input logic function and output inversion function into a single integrated cell structure. The Josephson transmission line serves dual purposes as both input signal pathway and output signal pathway, eliminating the need for separate inverter components and reducing overall circuit complexity while maintaining high-speed operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The Josephson transmission line is designed to perform multiple functions: it serves as an input signal transmission medium, an output signal transmission medium, and participates in the logic decision-making process through its interaction with the storage loops and bias signals, thereby reducing the total number of components required

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If fan-in is increased to reduce logic circuit depth, then circuit efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit efficiencyVSAvoidnumber of inputs
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the input signals into separate storage loops, with each storage loop independently capturing and holding one input signal. This segmentation allows multiple inputs to be processed in parallel without increasing the complexity of the core logic decision mechanism, as each input is independently managed in its own storage loop

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The storage loops act as intermediary elements between the multiple input signals and the single logical decision Josephson junction. Each storage loop mediates its corresponding input signal, converting temporal signal arrivals into persistent current states that can be simultaneously evaluated by the logical decision junction without signal interference or timing conflicts

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Adaptability or versatility

If separate inverter circuitry is added to achieve inverting logic, then logic function completeness is improved, but number of components increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelogic function capabilityVSAvoidnumber of components
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the inverting function into the core logic cell by utilizing the natural phase relationship between the bias signals applied to the input and output Josephson transmission lines. The 180-degree phase difference in bias signals inherently provides the inversion function, eliminating the need for separate inverter circuitry while maintaining complete logic function capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The logical decision Josephson junction and associated storage loops automatically generate the inverted output signal through their inherent superconducting quantum interference properties. The circuit self-services the inversion function through the quantum mechanical phase relationships established by the bias signals, without requiring external or additional inverter components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces the number of circuit components, enhances circuit efficiency, and improves performance by allowing a single Josephson transmission line to act as both input and output, thereby increasing speed and reducing complexity and cost.

Implementation Method 1

The logical decision JJ is configured to trigger based on biasing provided by one or more currents stored in the storage loops and an AC component of a first bias signal provided to the input stage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJosephson effect: Josephson Effect

Implementation Method 2

at least one positive single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse input to assert one or more logical inputs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSingle flux quantum: Josephson Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3711164B1Inverting phase mode RQL logic gates and corresponding method for providing a logic value
Publication Date: 2023.06.28 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP
  • EP3711164B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3711164B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3711164B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An inverting reciprocal quantum logic, RQL, gate circuit (100) has an input stage (104) having a logical input asserted based on receiving a positive single flux quantum, SFQ, pulse and an output stage (102) comprising phase mode logic inverter circuitry. The input stage (104) includes one or more storage loops, at least one being associated with each logical input, each comprising an input Josephson junction, JJ, a storage inductor, and a logical decision JJ, the logical decision JJ being common to all the storage loops associated with the logical inputs and being configured to trigger based on biasing provided by one or more currents stored in the storage loops and a first bias signal provided to the input stage. The output stage (102) de-asserts an output and is provided with a second bias signal having a second state opposite of a first state of the first bias signal.